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Progressivism Review

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  1. Progressivism Review

  2. Reform • Change for the better

  3. “Gilded Age” • On the outside everything looked great, but underneath things were rotten

  4. Tammany Hall • “Political Machine” in New York City

  5. Rockefeller • Dominated the oil industry • Practiced horizontal integration

  6. Carnegie • Pioneered vertical integration • Extremely wealthy by age 40 • Donated $350 million by the time he died

  7. Social Darwinism • Suggested that wealthy people had superior wisdom and were the “fittest” members of society

  8. Gustavus Swift • Invented the refrigerated rail car

  9. Upton Sinclair • Wrote The Jungle based on close observations of how meat packers lived

  10. Trusts • Lower retail prices • Availability of items that were once luxuries • Development and use of new machinery

  11. Vertical Integration • Controlling all aspects of an industry • Used by Carnegie

  12. Progressives • Ida Tarbell- anti- Rockefeller and Standard oil company • Uptn Sinclair- author • Ida B. Wells- anti-lynching • Lester Ward- thought science should be used to improve the human condition

  13. Political Reforms • Initiative • Recall • Referendum

  14. Politicians • Could stay in power by doing favors for people

  15. Immigrants • Settled in U.S. cities for JOBS

  16. Positives of Cities • Jobs • Electricity • Indoor plumbing

  17. Education • Laws were passed requiring children to attend school • Illiteracy rates declined

  18. Immigrant Challenges • U.S. cities with- • Gambling • Robbery • Political Corruption

  19. Problems of Cities • Waste disposal problems • Slum Housing • Crime

  20. Monopolies • Attempted to control the market by eliminating competition

  21. Progressive Reformers • Wanted to give voters more direct say in lawmaking

  22. Robber Barons • Negative nickname given to men like Rockefeller and Carnegie

  23. Captains of Industry • Positive nickname given to men like Rockefeller and Carnegie

  24. New Immigrants • Wave that came over around 1900 • Mainly from Italy, Greece, Russia, and other areas of Southern and Eastern Europe

  25. New Immigrants • More likely to be • Illiterate • Poor • Catholic or non-Protestant

  26. Theodore Roosevelt • Became famous as a Rough Rider on San Juan Hill • Western Rancher • Asthmatic • Became President when McKinley was assassinated

  27. Roosevelt’s Accomplishments • Meat Inspection Act of 1906 • Increased number of national parks • Arbitrated the United Mine Workers Strike

  28. Woodrow Wilson • Due to the Republican split, won the election of 1912 in an electoral landslide

  29. Wilson • Allowed press conferences • Supported the Underwood Tariff reduction bill • Program was known as “New Freedom”

  30. 1912 Election • Woodrow Wilson- Democrat • William Howard Taft- Republican • Teddy Roosevelt- Progressive

  31. W.E.B. Du Bois • Felt blacks should receive equality immediately

  32. Federal Trade Commission • Established to stop unfair business practices among companies • Supported by Wilson

  33. Underwood Tariff • Established to reduce the tariff • High tariffs had been protecting American business

  34. Jane Addams • Wealthy woman that moved to Chicago and built Hull House to help the poor

  35. Alcohol • Viewed as a cause of violence against women

  36. 17th Amendment • Direct election of senators

  37. Carry Nation • Strongly against alcohol • Would scold and intimidate saloon patrons with a hatchet

  38. Walter Rauschenbusch • Religious leader during the Progressive era • Thought Christians should better their communities by helping others

  39. Robert La Follette • Wisconsin Governor responsible for a great deal of reform legislation

  40. Accommodation • Idea that economic success for blacks was more important than racial equality

  41. Mary Ritter Beard • Wrote about the contributions of women in history

  42. Muckrakers • Writers whose articles attacked problems in the U.S.

  43. 19th amendment • Gave women the right to vote

  44. Suffrage • The right to vote

  45. Seneca Falls • Site of Women’s Rights conference in 1848

  46. Leon Czolgosz • Assassinated President McKinley

  47. Immigrant • Person entering a country to live there

  48. Margaret Sanger • Spoke to women about preventing pregnancy

  49. Eugene V. Debs • Socialists candidate in 1912 presidential election

  50. Urbanization • Growth of cities

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