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1 st International Workshop on TMDL and Water Quality Management

1 st International Workshop on TMDL and Water Quality Management March 28-29, 2007, Korean National Assembly, Seoul, Korea HISTORY AND UPDATES OF TMDL IN KOREA DONGIL JUNG Director General Environmental CAP System Research Department

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1 st International Workshop on TMDL and Water Quality Management

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  1. 1st International Workshop on TMDL and Water Quality Management March 28-29, 2007, Korean National Assembly, Seoul, Korea HISTORY AND UPDATES OF TMDL IN KOREA DONGIL JUNG Director General Environmental CAP System Research Department National Institute of Environmental Research Ministry of the Environment Government of Korea

  2. Limited Land and High Population Density Heavy Rainfall in Summer and Insufficient Natural Lake ▷ Construction of more man-made dams => Stagnation of water => “Eutrophication” ▷ Industrial development and continuous urbanization since the 1970s => Increase in water demands and pollutant loadings Needs for TMDL Management System in Korea Reality of Water Resources Management in Korea Change in Social Environment for Water Management ▷ In 1995, Introduction of the local self governing system ->The authority for water resource management was transferred to local government ->The pressure of regional development has been increased

  3. Needs for TMDL Management System in Korea To resolve the deficiency in water resource and to conserve the water quality of the public water system To develop the local area within environmental capacity To clarify the environmental responsibility for each local government and to resolve conflicts between upper and downstream residents

  4. Introduction of the TMDL Management System Overview of 4 Major River Basins Han River Main stream 481.7 km length Basin area 26,018 km2 Pop. 24.2 million Seoul Incheon Geum River Main stream 395.9 km length Basin area 9,810 km2 Pop. 5.6 million Daejeon Nakdong River Main stream 521.5 km length Basin area 23,817 km2 Pop. 13.2 million Daegu Yeongsan River Main stream 136.0 km length Basin area 3,371 km2 Pop. 4.3 million Gwangju Pusan

  5. ’89 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00 ’02 ’04 ‘06 Trends of Water Quality in 4 Major Rivers Clean Water Supply Comprehensive Measure(’89) Special Comprehensive Measures for 4 Major River Basins(’98-’00) Nakdong River (Mulgeum) Yeongsan River (Jooamdam) Geum River (Daechungdam) Han River (Paldangdam)

  6. Changes of the Pollution Sources in the special measure zone for Lake Paldang Waste water discharge and Capacity of the public treatment facilities vs BOD5 conc. at the Paldang dam 1.8 1.8 450 BOD5 conc. 1.5 BOD5 conc. 1.5 1.2 Waste water discharge 오폐수발생량 1.2 300 BOD (mg/L) 0.9 BOD (mg/L) 0.9 Discharge/Capacity (103 m3/day) Capacity of the public treatment facilities 0.6 0.6 150 Capacity of the public treatment facilities 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Year Year

  7. Special Comprehensive Measures Background of Special Comprehensive Measures • Environmental protection programs such as limitation of land use and expansion of public treatment facilities • doesn’t meet water quality standards to a certain level • due to the increase of small-sized discharging facilities and non-point sources ‘98.11. Special Comprehensive Measure for Han River Basin ‘99.12. Special Comprehensive Measure for Nakdong River Basin ‘00.10. Special Comprehensive Measure for Geum River Basin for Yeongsan/Seomjin River Basin

  8. Special Comprehensive Measures Major Strategy of Special Comprehensive Measures Designation of Riparian Buffer Zones (Precautionary measure against water pollution) TMDL Management (Sustainable development) Harmonization Co-Prosperity Water-Use Charge (User-pay principle)

  9. Riparian Buffer Zone (Han River) date : 1999.9.30 area : 255㎢ Uiam Dam Chunchon Paldang Dam 1,000m 500m Chungju Dam Upstream region Special Measure Zone Special Measure Zone Chungju

  10. Why needed - users should pay proper cost - all people have responsibility to improve water quality Water-Use Charge System To whom levied - those who use river water as drinking and industrial use - (’05) 120(Nakdong), 130(Han), 140(Geum, Yeongsan) Won/ton ⇒ 47(Yeongsan)∼304(Han) bill. Won (in 2005) Where to be used - Support for residents in regulatory region - Subsides to cities for construction of STPs - Land purchase from drinking water source area Watershed Management Fund

  11. Levying and Collecting Water-Use Charge Determine the rate of WC (Guideline) (Watershed Management Committee; WMC) Draw up budget for the watershed management Fund • Collect WC • Demand the Fund (Local gov. water user) (WMC) Operate the project report on accounts Consult with the Ministry Of Planning & Budgeting (Local gov.) (WMC) Approve (President) (Cabinet Meeting) Report on the accounts (WMC) • President • National assembly Allocate the Fund (WMC)

  12. Survey the area for support (WMC) Establish RSP Plan (Guideline) (WMC) Apply for RSP. (Local government) Approve RSP Plan (WMC) Manage the Program Resident Support Program

  13. Act Introduction of TMDL Management System Features Special Act for Han River Basin Voluntary Performance 1999. 2 • Special Act • for Nakdong River Basin • for Geum River Basin • for Yeongsan/Seomjin River Basin Obligatory Performance 2000. 1

  14. Framework of TMDL Management System Basic Policy on TMDL Management Establishment of the Target Water Quality Basic Plan on TMDL Management Action Plan on TMDL Management Performance by Private Group Performance by Public Group Performance Assessment of Local Government Performance by Private Group

  15. Planning Period Object Substances of TMDL Management Standard Discharge Basic Policy for TMDL Management (The first Stage) 2004~2010 (The second Stage) 2011~2015 *Every 5 year afterwards (The first Stage) BOD5 (The second Stage) BOD5, TP* *In Guem River, TP only applies to the upstream area of Lake Daechung (The first Stage) Average Q275 for last 10 years (The second Stage) BOD5 = Average Q275 for last 10 years TP=Average Q275 and Q185 for last 10 years

  16. Establishment of Unit Watershed for TMDL Management Establishment of the Target Water Quality < Nakdong River > Boundary points of metropolis and province = 8 Boundary points of city and county province = 33 Total = 41

  17. Establishment of Unit Watershed for TMDL Management Establishment of the Target Water Quality < Geum River > Boundary points of metropolis and province = 9 Boundary points of city and county province = 23 Total = 32

  18. Establishment of Unit Watershed for TMDL Management Establishment of the Target Water Quality < Yeongsan River > Boundary points of metropolis and province = 7 Boundary points of city and county province = 16 Total = 23

  19. Authority for the Target Water Quality Establishment of the Target Water Quality Boundary points of the metropolis and province : Minister of MOE Boundary points of the city and county : Governor of metropolis and province

  20. ◇Establishment of permissible pollutant loads ◇Improvement in quality of economic life Principle of establishment of the Target Water Quality ◇ TMDL Management for ESSD ◇ TMDL Management for Co-Prosperity ◇Establishment of reducible pollutant loads ◇Improvement in quality of environmental life Development Conservation

  21. Principle of establishment of the Target Water Quality Present water quality Reduction Loads = RL×Reduction ratio(α) Reducible Loads(RL) Target Water Quality Excess Loads(EL) Improvable water quality Deferment Loads =EL×Deferment ratio(γ) Standard for establishment Of the target water quality Allowable Loads(AL) Target Water Quality Allowance Loads =AL×Allowance ratio(β) Present water quality Regions which accomplish the water quality standard Regions which exceed the water quality standard

  22. Target Water Quality at the Boundary Points of the Metropolis and Province (in the first period) Establishment of the Target Water Quality Nakdonggang Water System Geumgang Water System Seonjingang water system

  23. Significance Establishment of Basic Plan A plan to allocate the pollutant loading amount to subwatershed and each local government, to attain and to maintain the target water quality at the boundary point of the metropolis or province

  24. Subject of Establishment and Approval Allocation Method of Pollutant Loading Amounts Establishment of Basic Plan Standard Effluent Loading Amount for subwatershed 1 Data of Pollution Source /Watershed Environment Standard Effluent Loading Amount for subwatershed 2 Delivery Loading Amount at the establishment point of the target water quality Water Quality Modeling . . . . Standard Effluent Loading Amount for subwatershed n Allocation Pollutant Loading Amount for Each Subwatershed =Standard Effluent Loading Amount for Each Subwatershed * (1-SafetyFactor) Establishment : The mayor of metropolis / The governor of province Review : TMDL management probe and research staff Approval : The minister of MOE

  25. Approval for basic plan of the TMDL Management in the 1st period ’05.4~5 1 Metropolis(Daejeon) 3 Provinces(Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk) Nakdong River System Geum River System Yeongsan River System ’04.8 2 Metropolis(Daegu, Busan) ’05.2~5 3 Provinces(Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Gangwon) ’05.5 1 Metropolis(Gwangju) 2 Provinces(Jeonnam, Jeonbuk)

  26. Significance Subject of Establishment and Approval Establishment of Action Plan A plan -to find the regional development plan and the pollutant reduction plan within the allocated pollutant loading amount -to allocate the pollutant loading amount to each pollution source groups and workplace Establishment : The mayor of city / The county governor Review : TMDL management probe and research staff Approval : The governor of the competent province / The director of the Regional Environmental Office

  27. Implementation Period of the TMDL Action Plan Establishment of Action Plan ‘04.8 ‘05.8 ‘06.8 ‘08.8

  28. Object of Establishment on the TMDL Action Plan Establishment of Action Plan The city/county which the present water quality* has exceeded the target water quality for more than 2 consecutive times *The 3-years averaged water quality based on the water quality data measured at the boundary point of unit watershed more than 30 times in a year 1year 2years 3years 4years Measurement more than 30 times Measurement more than 30 times Measurement more than 30 times Measurement more than 30 times

  29. Methods of Performance Assessment Performance Assessment of Local Government Subject of making report - The mayor of metropolis / the mayor of city / county governor who have established and performed the action plan Method of making report - by the end of March of every year - to the director of the regional environmental office

  30. Example 1 : Performance Assessment Satisfaction 45,942 kg/day BOD kg/day Reduction Pollutant Load 9,515kg/day Allocation Pollutant Load Effluent PollutantLoad 43,338kg/day Allocation Pollutant Load 37,253kg/day 36,427kg/day in the year 2010 (Target year) Present year (2005) in the year 2005 Allocation Pollutant Load in the Action Plan

  31. Water quality improvement of STPs’ discharges (284.0kg/day) Non-point source control / Connection treatment (52.7kg/day) Sewer pipe improvement (235.4kg/day) Example 2 : Performance Assessment Satisfaction Natural Increase Reduction Plan Development Plan 4,113.1kg/day 1,007.4 kg/day by natural increase 3105.7 kg/day 3,105.7 kg/day Expansion of STPs’ capacity (748.6kg/day) Allocation Pollutant Load 3,012.1 kg/day 211.4kg/day by development works Present (2002) Target year (2007)

  32. 131.8kg/day Example 2 : Performance Assessment <2004> Allocation Pollutant Load in 2004 (3,011.0 kg/day) Additional reduction (51.3kg/day) Pollutant Load (3,142.8kg/day) Error in calculation of pollutant load (91.0kg/day) Pollutant Load after Additional Reduction (3000.5 kg/day)

  33. 186.3 kg/day Example 2 : Performance Assessment <2005> Allocation Pollutant Load in 2005 (3,050.9 kg/day) Additional reduction (186.7kg/day) Actual Pollutant Load (3,231.6kg/day) Pollutant Load after Additional Reduction (3,050.5 kg/day)

  34. Future Directions for TMDL Management System in Korea Establishment of new water quality standard focused on public health and eco-sound water environment The full scale implementation of TMDL Maximization of policy importance for non-point source management

  35. Thank You !!

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