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Johannes Stradanus, 1580. Awakening the Sleeping America. 1600 Amerigo Vespucci Justification of conquest Exotic Animals Cannibals “naked” / “very libidinous”. Johannes Stradanus Amerigo Vespucci Awakens a Sleeping America
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Awakening the Sleeping America • 1600 • Amerigo Vespucci • Justification of conquest • Exotic Animals • Cannibals • “naked” / “very libidinous” Johannes StradanusAmerigo Vespucci Awakens a Sleeping America Nova Reperta, Antwerp 1600Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington D.C.
Stand By Your Man! • John White Source Images • Smith’s heroic narrative • Romantic desire vs Powhatan’s Imperial Power • Validates European Superiority Robert Vaughan: “Ould Virginia”The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles, 1624Newberry Library, Chicago
Marriage: Method and Metaphor • …if my chiefest intent and purpose be not, to strive with all my power of body and minde, in the undertaking of so mightie a matter, no way led (so farre forth as mans weakenesse may permit) with the unbridled desire of carnall affection: but for the good of this plantation, for the honour of our countrie, for the glory of God, for my owne salvation, and for the converting to the true knowledge of God and Jesus Christ, an unbeleeving creature, namely Pokahuntas. • John Rolfe • Justifies marriage / justifies conquest • Broadly Endorsed • Ultimate Validation of European Invasion Rolfe, John. ‘Letter of John Rolfe, 1614.” Virtial Jameston. Web. 12 October 2009.
The Princess Comes to Court… • Visit funded by Virginia Company • Justifies European invasion • Promotes natives as malleable • False Hope? Van de Passe, Simon. Pocahontas, 1618. Engraving. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
“Virginia” Frontspiece from Henry Howe, Historical Collections of Virginia 1852
Helen Rountree • Pocahontas’ presence? • Why two stones? • Appropriate Punishment? • Trial? • Adoption Ritual? • Huksanaw? • NA as Treacherous • Turkey • 1617 Queene Anne letter a literary convention • Powhatan (Wahunsenacawh)and Opechancanaough • “Pocahontas did not rescue John Smith. Even if she had been inside the house at the time, he would not have needed rescuing from anything other than overeating” Pocahontas Saving Captain John Smith, Victor Nehlig 1870
Summary and Connection • Naked Temptress • Romantic Heroine • Christianized Wife • European Princess • The Indian Princess • Disney’s Pocahontas • The New World
Works Cited • Bjelajac, American Art: A Cultural History. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print. • Rountree, Helen. Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2oo5. Print. • Slotkin, Richard. Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier 1600-1800. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973. • Smith, John. A General Historie of Virginia, the Summer Isles, and New England. London, 1624. Print. • Tilton, Robert S. Pocahontas: The Evolution of an American Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print.