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Probing Weak Decays and New Physics: Insights from Muons to Neutrinos

This discussion delves into the intricate field of weak decays, focusing on processes involving muons, neutrinos, and charged leptons. It addresses various experiments, including Q-Weak and pion decay, and explores the implications of CKM unitarity and potential new physics. Recent findings such as the muon g-2 anomaly and parity-violating electron scattering are highlighted, revealing essential correlations and their role in our understanding of the Standard Model. As we advance in nuclear and particle physics, the future promises greater insights into weak decays and symmetries.

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Probing Weak Decays and New Physics: Insights from Muons to Neutrinos

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  1. Precision Tests • Weak Decays • Neutral Current Processes • Muon g-2

  2. Muons • gm-2 • mA->eA Nuclei & Charged Leptons PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

  3. VI. Weak Decays • -decay: CKM unitarity & correlations • Pion leptonic decay • Muon decay

  4. b-decay SM & New Physics SUSY Weak decays: SM old & new

  5. = 1 SM Expt - 2008 Weak decays: 2004

  6. b-decay 0+-> 0+ “Superallowed” Nuclear structure-dependent corrections Weak decays

  7. Lifetime & correlations b-decay 58Ni coated stainless guide Flapper valve Liquid N2 Be reflector LHe LANSCE: UCN “A” NIST, ILL: tn Future SNS: tn, a,b,A,… Future LANSCE: tn Solid D2 Ultra cold neutrons 77 K poly UCN Detector Tungsten Target Weak decays

  8. b-decay PSI: “Pi-Beta” Weak decays

  9. b-decay SM theory input Recent Marciano & Sirlin Weak decays

  10. Situation Unsettled kaon decay Value of Vusimportant New physics: too small Weak decays

  11. CKM Summary: PDG04 UCNA

  12. Vus & Vud theory ? Perkeo 06 New 0+ info CKM Summary: New Vus & tn ? New tn UCNA

  13. Vertex & External leg SUSY Radiative Corrections Propagator Box Kurylov & RM

  14. 12k 1j1 12k 1j1 L=1 L=1 SUSY: R Parity-Violation

  15. No SUSY DM: LSP unstable • Neutrinos are Majorana Flavor-blind SUSY-breaking 12k R ParityViolation Kurylov, R-M, Su CKM unitarity ? MW CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mt ,… APV l2 b-decay 12k 1j1 1j1 No long-lived LSP or SUSY DM New physics Kurylov, R-M RPV SUSY Weak decays: SUSY

  16. Correlations Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E Weak decays & SUSY SUSY

  17. Gauge interactions: c symmetric Triscalar interactions One solution: af ~ Yf Higgs interactions: break c symmetry, but gently for 1st & 2nd generations Is c sym breaking gentle for 1st & 2nd generation sfermions ? Weak decays & SUSY : Chiral Symmetry Chiral (c )Rotation

  18. Profumo, R-M, Tulin Future exp’t ? Collider signature: SUSY but only SM-like Higgs Is cSB / mf as in SM ? Large c symmetry breaking: New SUSY models Mass suppressed c symmetry breaking: “alignment” models Weak decays & SUSY : Correlations Chiral symmetry breaking in SUSY

  19. SM radiative corrections also have QCD effects SM strong interaction effects: parameterized by Fp Hard to compute To probe effects of new physics in DNEW we need to contend with QCD Pion leptonic decay & SUSY

  20. Leading QCD uncertainty: Cirigliano & Rosell Marciano & Sirlin Tulin, Su, R-M Probing Slepton Universality vs Min (GeV) New TRIUMF, PSI Can we do better on ? Pion leptonic decay & SUSY

  21. Cirigliano & Rosell Min (GeV)

  22. VII. Neutral Currents • Parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) • Muon g-2

  23. Muons • gm-2 • mA->eA Nuclei & Charged Leptons: PV PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

  24. “Weak Charge” ~ 0.1 in SM Enhanced transparency to new physics Small QCD uncertainties (Marciano & Sirlin; Erler & R-M) QCD effects (s-quarks): measured (MIT-Bates, Mainz, JLab) Lepton Scattering & New Symmetries Parity-Violating electron scattering

  25. Flavor-dependent sin2 Normalization Scale-dependent effective weak mixing Constrained by Z-pole precision observables Flavor-independent QW and SUSY Radiative Corrections Tree Level Radiative Corrections

  26. SU(2)L U(1)Y Weak Charge & Weak Mixing Weak mixing depends on scale

  27. JLab Future SLAC Moller Z0 pole tension Parity-violating electron scattering Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing Weak Mixing in the Standard Model

  28. Muons Weak Decays • gm-2 • mA->eA • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Nuclei & Charged Leptons: Theory PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS • Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin2qW running • QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified • Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects

  29. Vertex & External leg Kurylov, RM, Su SUSY Radiative Corrections Propagator Box

  30. Moller (ee) RPV: No SUSY DM Majorana n s SUSY Loops Q-Weak (ep) d QWP, SUSY / QWP, SM d QWe, SUSY / QWe, SM Hyrodgen APV or isotope ratios gm-2 12 GeV 6 GeV E158 Global fit: MW, APV, CKM, l2,… Kurylov, RM, Su PVES & APV Probes of SUSY

  31. e RPV Loops p Comparing AdDIS and Qwp,e

  32. QWP = 0.0716 QWe = 0.0449 Experiment SUSY Loops E6 Z/ boson RPV SUSY Leptoquarks SM SM Weak Charges & New Physics

  33. The next decade presents NP with a historic opportunity to build on this legacy in developing the “new Standard Model” The value of our contribution will be broadly recognized outside the field Nuclear physics studies of ns & fundamental symmetries played an essential role in developing & confirming the Standard Model Our role has been broadly recognized within and beyond NP The Big Picture Solar ns & the neutrino revolution Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics

  34. References • “Low Energy Precision Test of Supersymmetry”, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf & S. Su, Phys.Rept.456:188, 2008, e-Print: hep-ph/0612057Model” • “Low energy tests of the weak interaction”, J. Erler & M. J. Ramsey-Musolf , Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys.54:351 442, 2005, e-Print: hep-ph/0404291 Plus many references therein…

  35. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? ? Low-energy: precision frontier LHC: energy frontier Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Precision Probes of New Symmetries New Symmetries Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos

  36. Thank you ! To the organizers, staff, and participants for a lively and productive school • Precision studies and symmetry tests with neutrons are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade • Physics “reach” complements and can even exceed that of colliders: dn~10-28 e-cm ; O/OSM ~ 10-4 • Substantial experimental and theoretical progress has set the foundation for this era of discovery • The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: nuclear, particle, hadronic, atomic, cosmology + …….

  37. Back Matter • Weak Decays • Neutral Current Processes • Muon g-2

  38. Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations e- e- * Z* X N Charge sym in pdfs 12 GeV 6 GeV d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2qW Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM

  39. Neutrino correlation Pion leptonic decays • Ongoing theory for weak decays: • Further reductions in QCD errors? • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? • Implications of LHC results ? mn SUSY effects in weak decays PV Electron Scattering Muons SUSY: Observable E-dependence implies super heavy non-SM Higgs SUSY: Observable deviation could imply large slepton mass splittings • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS mn implications for NP in weak decays Vud & CKM Unitarity RM et al RM et al • gm-2 • mA!eA • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle Nuclei & Charged Leptons: Theory Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

  40. 3/4 0 3/4 1 TWIST (TRIUMF) Muon Decay: Michel Parameters

  41. mn MPs Constraints on non-SM Higgs production at ILC: mn , m- and b-decay corr constrained by mn Also b-decay, Higgs production Erwin, Kile, Peng, R-M 06 Prezeau, Kurylov 05 First row CKM Correlations in Muon Decay & mn Model Independent Analysis 2005 Global fit: Gagliardi et al. Model Dependent Analysis

  42. p g Z m m Had VP Had LbL QED Weak SUSY Loops SM Loops Future goal Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment ~ 3.4 s !

  43. Ongoing theory for gm-2: • Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty? • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? PV Electron Scattering p g Z Muons m m Had VP: Disp Rel & e+e- Lattice QCD (T Blum) • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Had VP Had LbL QED Weak Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD? Weak Decays • gm-2 • mA!eA • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass Nuclei & Charged Leptons: Theory III

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