Interrelationships within natural environments

1. Interrelationships within natural environments

2. Interrelationships within natural environments Learning activity 2.3 pg.69Define the following Ecosystem Biotic Abiotic- Complete worksheet -

3. Biosphere The term "biosphere" was named by geologist Eduard Suess in 1875, which he defined as: "The place on Earth's surface where life dwells."

4. Biosphere 20 kilometre thick shell surrounding the earth. Includes all forms of life on earth and all their interactions. Within the biosphere there are 3 main regions: - The atmosphere - The hydrosphere - The lithosphere

5. Biosphere The Atmosphere The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

6. Biosphere

7. Biosphere The Hydrosphere All water on the earth, including vapour in the atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and ice caps. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface, is covered by ocean. The sun provides the energy necessary to cause evaporation from the earth.

8. Biosphere Cross-section through the earth Inner core: hot, solid, dense, iron + nickel Outer core: hot, liquid, dense, iron + nickel Mantle: 2900km, dense, hot, plastic Lithosphere: zone of tectonic plates Crust: thin, cool, solid = continental + oceanic

10. Components of an ecosystem The interaction occurring between organisms and their environment is referred to as an ecosystem.Organism – Individual living thingsSpecies – A group of organisms of the same typePopulation – A group of organisms of the same species living together in one areaCommunity – Consists of a number of populations of different species living together in a particular environment.

11. Components of an ecosystem Environment – The physical and biological surrounding in which a plant or animal lives.Habitat – Place or environment in which an organism usually lives.Ecological niche – The place and role of an organism in a community. No two species can occupy the same niche, however similar species can coexist.

12. Carbon – Oxygen Cycle Plants absorb carbon dioxide into their leaves from the atmosphere > glucose and starch (allows plant to function and maintain structure) Animals then acquire carbon from consuming plants or other animals. The process of respiration and decomposition eventually release carbon back into the atmosphere.

13. Carbon – Oxygen Cycle Carbon is also found in fossil fuels such as oils, gas, and coal. When these are burned for industrial purposes, cars, or domestic use. Some natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and erosion can also contribute to carbon levels in the atmosphere.

14. Carbon Cycle

15. Carbon & Nitrogen Cycle

16. Carbon – oxygen Cycle Draw a diagram and explain the carbon cycle in your own words...

17. Nitrogen Cycle Approx 80% of the atmosphere consists of nitrogen Nitrogen is required by organisms to manufacture protein and vitamins and is a vital component of DNA. Plants and animals cannot absorb nitrogen as a gas

18. Nitrogen Cycle

19. Nitrogen Cycle Draw a diagram and explain the nitrogen cycle in your own words...

20. Phosphorus Cycle • Phosphorus enters the ecosystem through geological processes of weathering and erosion of rocks. • Plants then absorb the phosphates. • Phosphate continues through the food chain and eventually returns to the soil though decomposition and waste products.

21. Phosphorus Cycle

22. Phosphorus Cycle Draw a diagram and explain the phosphorus cycle in your own words...

23. Water Cycle Anabatic winds Greek: ‘to go up’ Slopes facing the sun are heated  warm air rises upslope Occurs on clear days

24. Water Cycle

25. Water Cycle Precipitation: Deposition of water from the atmosphere in solid or liquid form

26. Water Cycle Evaporation: Diffusion of water vapour into the atmosphere from freely exposed water surfaces

27. Water Cycle Transpiration: Plant perspiration – loss of water from cells of the leaves through the pores

28. Water Cycle Evapotranspiration: Diffusion of water vapour into the atmosphere from vegetated surfaces = Evaporation from soil & plant surfaces + Transpiration from plants

29. Water Cycle Groundwater:Subsurface water in soils and rock

30. Water Cycle Runoff: Downslope movement of water that occurs when the infiltration capacity of the soil is exceeded

31. Water Cycle Storage: Soils Vegetation Groundwater

32. Flow components + storage components

33. Water Cycle

34. Water Cycle

35. Water Cycle Draw and explain the water cycle in your own words...

36. Weather Predicting

37. Weather Predicting Using clouds... Cumulus – Generally good weather...Cirrus– A change coming within the next 24-48hrs...

42. Weather Predicting And so...LETS GO CLOUD WATCHING!!! =)

43. Weather “There is no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather.” “There is no such thing as bad weather, Only bad clothing.”

44. Activity Yayyy!Make your own rap song... Carbon – Oxygen cycleNitrogen cyclePhosphorus cycleWater cycle

45. Food chains and webs Consumption and transfer of nutrients and energy through feeding The transfer of food energy begins with the consumption of the producers (plants) by herbivores. Herbivores are then eaten by carnivores who are in turn eaten by higher predator carnivores. This process is known as a food chain. The sun being the primary source of energy...

46. Food chains and webs Describe the difference between a food chain and a food web. Explain how energy is passed from one organism to another within a food chain.