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Classification of Minerals

Classification of Minerals. Native Elements – minerals naturally composed of only one element (e.g., diamond, sulfur, gold) Sulfides and Sulfates – minerals containing SO 4 -2 or S -2 anions (e.g., galena, pyrite, gypsum)

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Classification of Minerals

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  1. Classification of Minerals Native Elements – minerals naturally composed of only one element (e.g., diamond, sulfur, gold) Sulfides and Sulfates – minerals containing SO4-2 or S-2 anions (e.g., galena, pyrite, gypsum) Oxides – minerals containing O-2 anions (e.g., hematite, magnetite, rutile) Silicates– huge family of minerals which all contain some variant of SiO2 (e.g., quartz, garnets, micas, feldspars, clay minerals). Carbonates– minerals containing the CO3 anion (e.g., calcite, barite) Others– including salts (fluorite, halite), and a several other groups. Dana Classification System, the complete list of known minerals has 78 categories

  2. Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust O Al Si Mg Na Fe K Ca Oxygen Aluminum Potassium Sodium Silicon Calcium Magnesium Iron

  3. 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.5 3.3 Common Rock Forming Minerals Percent of atoms in Earth’s crust 6.2 20.5 60.5 K Fe Ca Na Mg Al Si O SiO2 Quartz Plagioclase feldspar Potassium feldspar Pyroxene Group Amphibole Group Muscovite Biotite Si O Ca Na Al Si O AlSi3O8 K Al Si O Al2Si2O8 Fe Ca Na Mg Si O SiO3 Fe Mg Si O Si8O22 K Al Si O AlSi3O10(OH)2 K Fe Mg Al Si O AlSi3O10(OH)2 These minerals make up more than 90% of the Earth’s crust. All are silicates

  4. Other Important Rock Forming Minerals Calcite- major component of limestone and seashells, “3” on Mohs Hardness Scale Dolomite- major component of limestone http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/calgary/geoscape/topics/resources_e.html

  5. http://news.mpr.org/features/200208/21_losurem_ethanol/ http://militaryspecialtiesinc.com/ http://www.unicef.org/programme/nutrition/focus/micronut/iodine.htm Other Important Rock Forming Minerals Clay minerals– basis of most soils Gypsum– very common evaporite in arid environments, used for plaster and drywall, “2” on Mohs Hardness Scale Halite– common evaporite in arid environments, dietary staple

  6. http://www.rootsweb.com/ http://mine-engineer.com/mining/ Other Important Rock Forming Minerals Hematite– major ore mineral of iron Magnetite– major ore mineral of iron Galena– major ore mineral of lead Sphalerite– major ore mineral of zinc

  7. http://www.whigham.org/Hawaii/ http://www.dsuper.net/~marcouet/my1.htm Other Important Rock Forming Minerals Olivine– useful for interpreting igneous rock formation Garnet group– useful for interpreting metamorphic rock formation

  8. Minerals form wherever and whenever the molecular building blocks are present and local conditions allow those building blocks to bond. Local conditions can change dramatically in all of Earth’s mineral-forming environments (both on the Earth’s surface and within the Earth), making for interesting mineral associations. The rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) are defined by the conditions under which they formed. Evaporite minerals with collector http://www1.iwvisp.com/

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