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CH. 9-2 TEXAS INDEPENDENCE

CH. 9-2 TEXAS INDEPENDENCE. AMERICAN HISTORY. THE SPANISH SETTLE TEXAS. Original inhabitants were Native Americans First Europeans to visit Texas were Spanish in 1500s Spanish claimed the land but made little attempt to settle because the land had little wealth

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CH. 9-2 TEXAS INDEPENDENCE

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  1. CH. 9-2 TEXAS INDEPENDENCE AMERICAN HISTORY

  2. THE SPANISH SETTLE TEXAS • Original inhabitants were Native Americans • First Europeans to visit Texas were Spanish in 1500s • Spanish claimed the land but made little attempt to settle because the land had little wealth • Spanish found destroyed French fort and worried about the French taking over so they came up with a plan to settle Texas

  3. THE MISSION SYSTEM • The Spanish attempted to settle Texas by building missions • MISSIONS—small settlements designed to convert Native Americans to Catholicism • Missions were accompanied by PRESIDIOS (forts) for protection • Late 1600s-Late 1700s—Spanish built about 2 dozen missions and presidios • They also built cities—San Antonio & Nacogdoches • Missions failed and the towns never flourished

  4. THE MISSION SYSTEM ENDS • 1762—Spain no longer faced a threat from France • Spanish failed to convert many Native Americans to Christianity • By 1800 Spain still claimed Texas but had only 3 settlements in the entire region

  5. AMERICANS MOVE INTO TEXAS • 1820—Moses Austin, former banker from Missouri, approached Spanish officials with plan called THE TEXAS VENTURE • If Spain would give Austin land, he would build a colony in Texas • Spanish agreed • Moses Austin died before the colony could be built but his last wishes were that his son, Stephan F. Austin, would carry out the plan

  6. AUSTIN’S COLONY • 1823—Austin’s colony officially established • 1824—about 300 families lived on farms and ranches throughout the colony • The population was 1,800 including 400 enslaved African-Americans • MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE • Mexico used to be part of New Spain • Mexico becomes independent in 1821

  7. THE EMPRESARIOS • New Mexican government wanted Texas settled • Mexico offered land to people in exchange for becoming loyal Mexican citizens • EMPRESARIOS—contractors who recruited settlers and established colonies • 1830s—more than a dozen colonies in Texas (about 30,000 settlers) • Includes several thousand slaves and 4,000 TEJANOS (Texans of Mexican heritage)

  8. THE TEXAS REVOLUTION • American settlers had to agree to certain Mexican conditions to get land in Texas: • 1) surrender American citizenship • 2) swear allegiance to Mexico • 3) adopt the Roman Catholic religion • 4) hold the land for 7 years • In reality most settlers didn’t follow the conditions • They brought in large numbers of slaves after Mexico outlawed slavery

  9. TENSIONS IN TEXAS • 1827-Mexico sent a fact-finding mission to Texas to assess situation • Report indicated that more authority was needed • Mexico passed a law that canceled most empresario contracts and discouraged trade • Mexican government sent troops to enforce the ban on emigration and collect taxes • These actions placed emphasis on the fact that settlers needed to obey Mexican law

  10. INTERNATIONAL TENSION • Mexican officials suspected that the USA wanted to grow more by acquiring Texas • USA offered to buy a large part of Texas for $1 million but Mexico refused • THE TEXAS REVOLUTION BEGINS • 1832—Texas confront Mexican official because they said 2 people were wrongly imprisoned • 1832 & 1833—Texans hold conventions to discuss best course of action

  11. Mexico elects new President—Antonia Lopez de Santa Ana • He was initially for Mexican states rights but switched to strong central government after election • The Battle of Gonzales—October 2, 1835—The first battle of the Texas Revolution • Texans met to set up a government • Sam Houston was given the task of raising an army

  12. FROM THE ALAMO TO INDEPENDENCE • December 1835—rebel Texas forces capture San Antonio which was home to the Alamo • Santa Ana sends a force of 6,000 to punish the rebels on February 23, 1836 • Texans under William Travis refuse to surrender • For 12 days the Mexicans fire cannons at the Alamo • March 6, 1836—1,800 Mexicans storm the fort • Within 4 hours nearly all of the fort’s 200 defenders had been killed • “Remember the Alamo”

  13. Texas Declaration of Independence—March 2, 1836—A Constitution followed • GOLIAD AND THE RUNAWAY SCRAPE • March 26—more than 340 prisoners of war executed by Santa Anna’s men. • TEXANS VICTORIOUS • Texas becomes separate nation “Republic of Texas” • Texas revolution was over but not the fighting over Texas • The End

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