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GHB Abuse in the United States

GHB Abuse in the United States. Carol Falkowski Director of Research Communications, Hazelden Foundation NIDA CEWG member since 1986 Author: Dangerous Drugs: An Easy-to-Use Reference for Parents and Professionals, Hazelden Publishing, 2000.

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GHB Abuse in the United States

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  1. GHB Abuse in the United States Carol Falkowski Director of Research Communications, Hazelden Foundation NIDA CEWG member since 1986 Author: Dangerous Drugs: An Easy-to-Use Reference for Parents and Professionals, Hazelden Publishing, 2000.

  2. Measuring Drug Abuse • Population surveys • Hospital ER data (DAWN) • Medical examiner data • Addiction treatment data • Law enforcement data • Ethnographic studies

  3. All data systems have limitations NEW drugs of abuse hard to track NEW methods of use hard to track Existing systems slow to respond System-wide learning curve

  4. Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) convened by National Institute on Drug Abuse since 1976 modeled by other countries, parts of the world

  5. Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) Early warning epidemiological surveillance network Detects new drugs of abuse, patterns of use populations at risk

  6. Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) Researchers from different geographic areas analyze similar data on an ongoing basis Researchers in 20 US cities write a report on drug abuse trends twice annually

  7. Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) ME data DAWN emergency room episodes Treatment data Law enforcement data Supplemental research and information from multiple sources

  8. Club Drugs • GHB(liquid X, gamma, G, easy lay, Georgia Home Boy, Great Hormones at Bedtime) • MDMA (ecstasy, e, X) • Ketamine (Specail K) • Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) • Methamphetmine • LSD

  9. Progression of GHB in CEWG cities 1990 - Florida Poison Information Center 1990 - 1994 – Miami, NYC reports 1996 - 6 cities 2000 - most cities

  10. User Profiles – Sources of GHB • Young partiers – nightclubs, raves • Young partiers - ? • Body builders – gyms, Internet • People seeking sex, sleep effects – health food stores, Internet • Abusers seeking alcohol-like effects – parties, Internet

  11. Patterns of Use • Party settings – formal and informal(nightclubs, raves, circuit parties or after sporting events, at friend’s house, etc) • In between work-out sessions (body builders) • Predatory use – drug assisted rape

  12. Consequences of Use • Deaths • Adverse medical reactions • Dependence

  13. States Efforts to Control GHB(as of June 2000) • SCHEDULE 1Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, RhodeUtah, Virginia, Wisconsin • SCHEDULE IICalifornia, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, New Hampshire, Ohio • SCHEDULE IIINorth Carolina, Minnesota, South DakotaSALE and POSSESSION is a criminal offense in highest penalty group in: Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Massachusetts, Texas SOURCE: US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control

  14. Conclusions • GHB is a significant and growing drug of abuse • Rapid growth in adverse consequences since 1999 (ER episodes surpass MDMA) • Multiple user typologies • Dependence possible

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