1 / 23

habitability of the icy galilean satellites:

habitability of the icy galilean satellites:. J. Chela-Flores The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy and Instituto de Estudios Avanzados , Caracas, Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela. evolutionary Biomarkers with EJSM and penetrators.

trudy
Télécharger la présentation

habitability of the icy galilean satellites:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. habitability of the icy galilean satellites: J. Chela-Flores The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy and Instituto de EstudiosAvanzados, Caracas, RepublicaBolivariana de Venezuela. evolutionary Biomarkers with EJSM and penetrators

  2. Resurfacing on Europa: a key in the searchforevolutionarybiomarkers

  3. A first Earthanalogof Europa’sicysurface: Ellesmere Island

  4. Second and thirdEarthanalogsof Europa’sicysurface

  5. H TaylorValley

  6. Resurfacing on terrestriallakes: How do microbialmatsreach the bottomof the lakeicy surface? Prostrate matscarrying a consortiaofbacteria some notyetidentified

  7. Resurfacingon terrestriallakes: How do microbesreachfrom the bottomto the top of the lakeicy surface? Microbial mats Microbialmats on the surfaceof Lake Hoare, Taylor Valley Microbialmat

  8. Resurfacingon terrestriallakes: Trafficofbiogenicsulfurthrough the lake’sicy cover Dry Valley lakes Quantityofchemicalelements (in kgs per year)

  9. BiogenicSulfurin the Solar System • Sulfurisstronglyfractionatedexclusivelyby • biogenicactivityin theavailablesamplesof • the Solar System The delta34S-parameter Sulfate coexisting with seawater -40 • Terrestrial sources (biogenic) in basins off California Meteoritic Lunar • Wehaveshownhowbiogenicsulfurpatches are producedbyresurfacingofan • Earthanalogof Europa: Lake Hoare

  10. Resurfacingon Europa:A dustcloudhasbeenreleasedbymicrometeroidimpacts Credits: Miljković, K. and Taylor, E. A. (2007), The LAPLACE Consortium (Blancet al, 2009) and McCordet al. (1998)

  11. Possible sources of the stains • External source: Ions may be implanted from the Jovian plasma. • Internal source: Sulfur may be due to microbes • living around hydrothermal vents, reaching the icy • surface by cryovolcanism. • What is the nature of biogenicity? • One way to decide may be with penetrators. • Could the source of the patchesbebacteria, or • eveneukaryotes or metazoans?

  12. Whicheukaryotes, ormetazoans, can live in extreme environments? (deVereet al. 2003-2010) • Expose-E was carried back to Earth by Space Shuttle Discovery. These experiments investigate to what extent terrestrial organisms are able to cope with extreme environmental conditions. • XanthoriaElegans, the elegant sunburst • lichen,was outside the European • Columbus laboratory. It is a macroscopic • composite of a fungus and an alga. Expose-E experiment unit outside (18 months) Europe’s Columbus ISS lab module. The American elegant sunburst lichen

  13. Some extremophiles are more complex than single-celled eukaryotes Animals with bilateral symmetry found in extreme environments include the Antarctic krill

  14. Another extreme metazoan: Tardigrades (water bears) (0.1-1.0mm in length, water-dwelling, segmented animals) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Echiniscustestudo, a marine species

  15. Northern Rock Crawler Grylloblattacampodeiformis For most of the year, these ice insects remain frozen

  16. Simple aquatic metazoans in extreme conditions • In the Antarctic analog of Europa there is an ecosystem with simple metazoans. • Our ecosystem is underneath McMurdo Sound:

  17. Metazoans living underneath the icysurfaceofMcMurdo Sound

  18. Withcurrrentinstrumentation, howcouldwe test foreukaryotes or metazoans in the Europanocean? Credit: Richard Greenberg, “Europa”, Springer 2005

  19. Credit: British Penetrator Consortium Penetrator

  20. Penetrators for the icy surface of Europa For geochemical data: Credit: UK British Consortium

  21. Combined Raman/LIBS spectrometer (ExoMars) The instrument design has a total mass smaller than 2kg

  22. The EuropaJupiter System Mission with penetrators Io JEO JGO Europa Callisto Ganymede

More Related