Status of Drought Monitoring in Montenegro

1. Status of drought monitoring in MontenegroPrepared by:Andrijašević VeraIvanov MirjanaMarković GordanaPazin Nataša BALWOIS Ohrid, FYR Macedonia, 25-29 May 2010 www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me; tel: +382 20 655 183

2. Climate of Montenegro • Montenegro is in the middle part of moderate warm belt; • geographical position, vicinity of the sea, morphological profiles and air masses circulation form complex climate characteristics in terms of high variability in space and time; www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

3. Relief is the largest climatic modifier: • significantly high altitude separation; • sharp changes in altitude on a small distance; • deep incise of valley and prevailing mountainous regions over 1000 m asl • the strongest influence have the littoral chains of the mountains: Orjen,Lovcen,Rumija and Sutorman www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

4. Relevant Climate Issues • The hottest summers in Montenegro: in the vast valley of Zeta river, mainly due to the highest number of non cloudy days; Podgorica city: • mean summer temperature: 25.5 0C • mean number of tropical days: 60 • the highest max daily temperature • in the state:44.8 0C (August 2007) 18th July 2007 www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

5. The most rainy part in Europe • littoral mountain chain Krivosije behind the Kotor bay; • the average annual amount of precipitation: nearly 4600 mm at the steep slopes of Orjen mountain in the place of Crkvice • extreme situation: around 7000 mm www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

6. General conditions - droughts Three ecological sub-regions Direct impact of drought: reduced crop,forest productivity,increased fire hazard,reduced water levels, increased livestock and wildlife mortality rates Drought-multi sectorial problem www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

7. Staff: 3 agricultural engineers Activities: monitoring soil temperature agrometeorological bulletin Fenology FWI-not permanently Agrometeorological department AMD www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

8. Current Activities: Insufficient Lack of permanent drought assessment In 2003 – an initiative to calculate SPI was unsuccessful Evident - insufficient knowledge and great demand for trainings Available records: Aridity indexes – within the project AEN and under the responsibility of climatological department Drought monitoringAMD www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

9. Examples of available drought analysis Figure 2. Distribution of droughts equal or ovrer 10 days in Pljevlja, maximum and average drought series Figure 1. Distribution of precipitation and drought in Pljevlja from 1949 to 1999 www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

10. Examples of available drought analysis Table presents maximum drought series over Montenegro during the period 1949 – 2003. In the southern part of Montenegro drought has higher intensity mainly in the warmer part of the year, especially in August and September. In the colder part of the year drought affects mainly northern mountainous region. Table 1. Maximum drought series in Montenegro during the period 1949 – 2003 www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

11. Examples of available drought analysis (AEN project) IM=3*hs,n/(ts,n+10) hs,n - normal seasonal amount of precipitation ts,n - normal seasonal air temperature Figure 3. Aridity indices of de Morton for the summer season for the period 1950 - 2005 www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

12. Drought monitoring, management and respective key players • Drought monitoring: Department of Agrometeorology, (H-IM) • Respective key players: • The Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Water Management • Agricultural sector:olive production,organic agriculture,fruit and vineyard (viticulture and enology) • Biotechnical Institute/Faculty • Agency for Environment • Agency for development of small and midium-sized enterprises • Committee for agriculture and food processing industry • Energy sector • National, regional and local water management authorities www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

13. HI-M is one of the partner in the ‘’Drought Management Centre for South East Europe – DMCSEE ‘’ project which is funded by EU The final goal of the project - to establish effective regional drought monitoring system Expected results are foreseen to act as a tool for agriculture, energy and other relevant sectors (tourism, …) to be able to monitor and plan activities sensitive to drought since drought analysis is performed in National Meteorological Services (NMS), it is in most cases capacity of NMS that needs attention the project will develop new innovative approaches, tools and methodologies such as: an integrated approach to uniform data collection, new method of risk assessment, dissemination to end beneficiaries and online GIS for all target groups. Integrated drought monitoring and vulnerability assessment in combination with operational products will bring operational practice and drought reporting to a new level. Establishment of the DMCSEE network www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me

14. Thank you www.hmz.gov.me; office@meteo.co.me