North Tallinn's Background Studies: Climate, Vegetation, Pollution, Geology, and More

1. BackgroundstudiesforNorth-Tallinn: climate, vegetation, pollution, groundwater, geologyetc. Landscape Project EKA 2009

3. Alt üles: Vendi, Kambriumi, Ordoviitsiumi, Siluri ja Devoni ladestu settekivimitest ning pinnakattest, mille moodustavad Kvaternaari ladestu purdsetted.

4. Beddings of Tallinn sandstone limestone clay Skeem 4. Tallinna aluspõhja geoloogilis-litoloogiline skeem (R. Männili, A. Verte ja V. Karise järgi). 1 – liivakivi, kohati savikate vahekihtidega (gdoovi ja kotlini kihistu); 2 – savi (lontova kihistu); 3 – liivakivid (pirita ja tiskre kihistu ning pakeroidi lademe liivakivid); 4 – diktüoneemakilt; 5 – lubjakivid (volhovi, kunda, aseri ja lasnamäe lade); 6 – merglilised lubjakivid (uhaku lade); 7 – lubjakivi põlevkivikihikestega (kukruse lade); 8 – merglilised lubjakivid (idavere ja jõhvi lade); 9 –paekallas.

5. Landform

6. Change of the sea-level 10200–9300 years ago Sea level: +35 m 9300–7600 years ago. Sea level: +23 m 7600–4200 years ago. Sea level: +12 m

7. Change of the sea-level – port area

8. Topography – North-Tallinn

9. Ground cover

10. Inflitration of ground water and its run-off to rivers Annual rainfall: 600-800mm Run-off on ground: 39% Infiltration: 10% Intensive infiltration takes place during spring season, autumn rains, and winter thaw [sula]

11. Surface and groundwater

12. North-Estonianlower seaside area (Põhja-Eesti rannikumadalik) • Narrowstripoflandbetween sea and limestonebank. Area = ca 765 km² • 65% coveredwithforest • High number ofspecies. Dominating: Tilia, Fraxinus, Sorbus, Picea • Highlimestonebankborderinglowerareainthesouthprotectsfromcoldcontinentalwindsduringwinter • Lowsalt-levelintheGulfofFinlandcomparedtothe rest ofthe Baltic Sea = solidicecoverduringcolderwinters;

13. North-Estonian lower seaside area (Põhja-Eesti rannikumadalik) NW-SE orientation of peninsulas and islands due to the underground formation of land masses

14. Climate: generalinformation • Estonian climateisintransitionzonefrompelagian (/ sea) tocontinental • Winterdayisupto 3x shorter (6h) than summer day (18h). • Weatherinfluencedbycyclones and anti-cyclones. Cyclones are mostactivefromNov-Jan (= stormyweather) • Vegetationperiodis170-180 days (average temp. of dayis +5°C) • Activeplantgrowingtakesplacewhenaverage temp. of dayis+10°C.

15. Climate: Temperature differences Summer day, clear and quiet

16. Climate: Temperature differences Summer night, clear and quiet

17. Climate: Temperature differences Winter day, clear and quiet wind

18. Wind directions 3 AM 9 AM 9 PM 3 PM

19. Speed and repetition (%) ofthewind January and July 1 – 0–1 m/s; 2 – 2–5 m/s; 3 – 6–9 m/s; 4 – 10–13 m/s; 5 – 14–17 m/s; repetition < 1%: 6 – 10–13 m/s; 7 – 14–17 m/s; 8 – 18–20 m/s; 9 – 21–24 m/s.

20. Climate: Differences in relative humidity Summer day, clear and quiet wind

21. Plants: biomass Big, average, small

22. Plants: number of species in built up areas Big, average, small

23. Air pollution

24. Soil pollution

25. Existing “green structure” • Total area of green structure: 40,06 km² • 100m² of green structure per city-dweller • 27,23% of city area covered with green structure

26. Existing green structures: North-Tallinn Süsta park Kalamaja kalmistupark Kase park Kopli kalmistupark Ädala-Kolde-Sõle Stroomi beach

27. September 14, 2009 Fieldwork

33. Ground cover types

34. Ruderal ground cover types

35. Ground cover types

36. Ground cover types