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The Decline of the Republic & the Rise of Generals

Rome. The Decline of the Republic & the Rise of Generals. The Roman Army . Throughout Roman history, their army had been made up of farmers. Men who worked in the fields and went to war when necessary.

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The Decline of the Republic & the Rise of Generals

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  1. Rome The Decline of the Republic & the Rise of Generals

  2. The Roman Army • Throughout Roman history, their army had been made up of farmers. • Men who worked in the fields and went to war when necessary. • This actually meant that military campaigns had to end by the fall so that men could return home for the harvest.

  3. Gaius Marius (155-86 BCE) • He created a permanent standing army. • Soldiers had to serve for 16 years with an extra four years if needed. • When service was over, he was given land and allowed to retire and marry. • Men became career soldiers, extremely devoted to the army.

  4. The Roman Legion • 6000 soldiers • 10 cohorts (480 men each) • 60 centuries (80 men each) • 600 centurion (8 men each) • You would start at the most junior centurion and work you way to the first century of the first cohort.

  5. Loyalty • These men became extremely devoted soldiers. • Devoted to Generals rather than government. • It was only a matter of time before Generals became rulers.

  6. The First Triumvirate • Three Military men came to power and split the government of Rome • Pompey the Great (Took control of the Mediterranean) • Marcus Crassus (Marched East through Persia) • Julius Ceasar(Marched his army north and subjugated much of what is now Britain and France)

  7. Caesar Takes Control • Crassus was defeated and killed in 53 BCE. • After ignoring Pompey’s request to disband his army, Caesar marched his army across the Rubicon Stream into Italian territory (illegal) .

  8. Dictator for life • Caesar forced Pompey to retreat to Egypt where he was captured and beheaded. • Caesar had the republic declare him dictator for 10 years (a year later it was extended to life) where he assumed almost all the decision making.

  9. Assassinated – March 15 , 44 BCE • Caesar was dictator for only 2 years when he was assassinated by Marc Anthony, Brutus, Cassius and other senate conspirators.

  10. Read and hand-in • Read pages 180-189 • Complete and hand-in question 1,2&3 on page 189. • Hand in questions from yesterday.

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