Driving forces

1. DPSIR Human travel Trade of commodities Driving forces Intentional introduction Contaminant in commodity Stowaway in transport vector Dispersal through manmade corridor Pressure Release the environment Escape in the environment Secondary dispersal in the environment State Alien species becoming invasive Impact Loss of biodiversity Loss of ecosystem services Damage to the economy Damage to human health Response Early Warning and Rapid Response Eradication, management and restoration Prevention Risk Assessment

2. Problem tree Damage to plant health (*) Damage to animal health (*) Damage to human health Damage to the economy Loss of ecosystem services Loss of biodiversity Alien species becoming invasive Secondary dispersal in the environment Escape in the environment Release the environment Dispersal through manmade corridor Stowaway in transport vector Contaminant in commodity Intentional introduction Trade of commodities Human travel

3. Solution tree Less damage to plant health (*) Less damage to animal health (*) Less damage to human health Less damage to the economy Less loss of ecosystem services Less loss of biodiversity C. Eradication etc (5) Eradication, containment, control, restoration B. Early warning rapid response (4) Early warning rapid response system (3) Management of priority pathways General duty of care + liability (2) Restrictions on release in the wild A. Prevention Public awareness raising (1) Restrictions on trade, import, marketing, transport, holding Cost recovery (*) damage not covered by plant and animal health regimes, e.g. allergies to livestock or agricultural weed

4. Contribution to biodiversity target Halting loss of biodiversity Halting degradation of ecosystem services Restoring in so far as feasible Priority IAS are controlled or eradicated C. Management Pathways are managed to prevent introduction and establishment A. Prevention IAS-pathways are identified and prioritized IAS are identified and prioritized

5. Instruments Less damage to plant health (*) Less damage to animal health (*) Less damage to human health Less damage to the economy Less loss of ecosystem services Less loss of biodiversity C. Eradication etc Ecosyst. restoration Black list: eradication, containment and control Surveillance New alien sp.: notification New population black list species: rapid eradication B. Early warning rapid response Priority pathway management plans General duty of care + liability Black list: no release Other alien sp.: permit (**) A. Prevention Public awareness raising Black list: no trade, import, transport or holding Cost recovery systems (*) damage not covered by plant and animal health regimes, e.g. allergies to livestock or agricultural weed (**) aquaculture species -> see aquaculture regulation

6. Indicator exercise Red list index for impacts of IAS or indicator based on reporting BD/HD Habitats in no fav. cons. status due to IAS based on reporting HD Bio-pollution index based on reporting WFD Bio-pollution index based on reporting MSFD Cumulative effectiveness of prevention, EWRR and management Ecosystem services damaged due to IAS Crop losses due to IAS Veterinary costs due to IAS Medical costs due to IAS Other economic costs due to IAS Cumulative effectiveness of prevention and EWRR Number of established populations of (potential) IAS Number of succesful EWRR / number of new populations* of (potential) IAS Effectiveness of EWRR Number of AS in the wild due to unintentional pathways Number of AS in the wild due to escapes Number of AS in the wild due to intentional releases Effectiveness of prevention Percentage of IAS costs recovered from « polluters » Public awareness about IAS (eurobarometer) Number of AS in the wild

7. Legend Alien animals Diseases to cultivated (*) terrestrial plants Animals grazing on terrestrial cultivated plants Animals grazing and diseases to terrestrial wild plants Animals grazing and diseases to aquatic cultivated / wild plants Plant health Plant health? Diseases to (*) terrestrial and aquatic domesticated animals Wild animals as vectors of diseases to terrestrial and aquatic domesticated animals Diseases to terrestrial and aquatic wild animals Animals harming wild animals Animal health Animal health? Intentional release for use in aquaculture + non-target species Public health Aquaculture regulation Animals affecting public health Animals with other economic or social damage Alien plants Parasitic plants on terrestrial cultivated plants Weeds affecting terrestrial cultivated plants Weeds affecting terrestrial wild plants Weeds affecting aquatic cultivated / wild plants Plants affecting animal health Plants affecting public health Plants with other economic or social damage Alien micro-organisms Diseases to terrestrial cultivated plants Diseases to terrestrial wild plants Diseases to aquatic cultivated / wild plants Diseases terrestrial and aquatic cultivated animals Diseases to terrestrial and aquatic wild animals Diseases affecting public health Micro-organisms with other economic or social damage (*) cultivated plants and plant products / domesticated animals and animal products