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Characterization of Artemia from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Salt Lakes

Characterization of Artemia from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Salt Lakes. LIYING S UI Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China G ILBERT VAN STAPPEN Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium NAIHONG XIN Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China

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Characterization of Artemia from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Salt Lakes

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  1. Characterization of Artemia from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Salt Lakes LIYING SUI Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China GILBERT VAN STAPPEN Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia ReferenceCenter, Ghent University, Belgium NAIHONG XIN Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China PATRICK SORGELOOS Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

  2. Geographical location of Qinghai-Tibet plateau Inner Mongolia Xinjiang Tibet (Xizang) Qinghai

  3. Satellite view of Qinghai-Tibet plateau

  4. Artemia habitats on Qinghai-Tibet plateau • Artemia habitats : • pH 7.5-9.6 • sulfate or carbonate • high contents in B, Li, Cs, Rb, As… • 4300-4900 m.a.s.l. • « semi-arid subfrigid zone » • average annual air temperature : -5 to +1°C • maximum temperature : + 21.7 to + 27.6°C • minimum temperature : - 39.0 to –26.0°C • salinity: highly variable Chagcam Caka 250 ppt Nau Co 215.5 ppt Oma Co 7.0 ppt Jibu Caka 82.7 ppt Dong Co 114.3 ppt Bangkog Co 49.0 ppt Lagkor Co 59.8 ppt (Zheng Mianping, 1997. An introduction to saline lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Kluwer))

  5. Artemia population of Lagkor Co • lake frozen December-March; hatching late April-early June; • ovoviviparous reproduction May-September • oviparous reproduction September-October • dark chorion colour • cyst ø : 264.5 µm • naupliar length : 607.7 µm • adult length : 7.0-12.0 mm • 20:5ω3 > 18 (area %) • (Liu Junying et al., 1998. Artemia in Lagkor Lake of Tibet, • Journal of Lake Sciences)

  6. Artemia samples available at ARC Jingyu L. Haiyan L. Lagkor Co Bong Co Co Qen Bozi Co

  7. Topographical and climatological data Lagkor CoBong CoBozi CoCo QenJingyu L.Haiyan L. provinceTibet Tibet Tibet Tibet Xinjiang Qinghai elevation (m)4490 4664 4663 ? 4720 ? area (km²)92 140 25 ? 300 ? ionic comp.carbonate ? ? Na sulphate Mg sulphate ? avg. annual air temp.+1.6°C min./max. temp.-26/+24°C salinity (ppt)59.8 pH8.8 • Zheng Mianping, 1997 • Salt Research Institute

  8. Biometrics of Tibet Artemia strains

  9. Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid analysis

  10. Thermal tolerance and heat shock proteins in encysted embryos of Artemiafrom widely different thermal habitats Clegg et al., 2001. Hydrobiologia, 466(1-3): 221-229 Cyst hatching as response to heating regime (22 50°C over 40 min.) H % SFB Jingyu Co Qen Vietnam Lagkor Co minutes at 50°C (after 22 to 50°C)

  11. Hatching preferences of Tibet Artemia : temperature 4 temperatures (10-28°C) 28°C = ‘100 %’ hatching H % Jingyun SFB Bong Co hr hatching incubation

  12. Hatching preferences of Tibet Artemia : temperature 4 temperatures (10-28°C) 28°C = ‘100 %’ hatching Tibet A Haiyan Co Qen

  13. Hatching preferences : ‘natural’ medium vs. D&K

  14. Hatching preferences of Tibet Artemia : ‘natural’ medium vs. D&K 3 salinities: 15, 35, 80 ppt 28°C/ 35 ppt D&K = ‘100 %’ hatching H % GSL Lagkor Co (‘C’) 24 48 72 24 48 72 hr hatching incubation

  15. Conclusions • Larger cysts diameter and nauplii /adults length • high(er) tolerance of Tibet populations to low temperatures • reduced performance in natural seawater • aquaculture perspectives : • contra : big cysts/reduced performance in natural seawater or • at higher temperatures • pro : high HUFA pattern • Further study: • Cross breeding (? A. Tibetiana) • presence of parthenogenetic individuals : contamination or mixed population ? • Genetic aspect: DNA fingerprint

  16. Thank You

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