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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

INTRODUCTION TO CELLS. Life is cellular. Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703). In 1665 he is the first person to use the term “cells” after looking at cork under a simple microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723.

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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS Life is cellular

  2. Robert Hookenaturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect....(July 18,1635 - March 3, 1703) • In 1665 he is the first person to use the term “cells” after looking at cork under a simple microscope.

  3. Anton vanLeeuwenhoek1632-1723 • In 1673 he perfects the simple microscope and is the first to observe living cells and microorganisms. .

  4. Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855) • Cell Theory • all living things are made up of cells • cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism • new cells are produced from existing cells

  5. The Levels of Organization Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping. cell tissue organ organ system organism

  6. Cell differentiation • Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. • Cells are basic units of structure and function of living things.

  7. PROKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms Cell Types

  8. Cell Type: Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Typical bacteria cell

  9. Shapes of bacteria

  10. Cell Types: Eukaryotes • Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

  11. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Which Cell? no nucleus nucleus no nucleus nucleus small ribosomes larger ribosomes larger ribosomes small ribosomes no organelles organelles no organelles organelles very small 1-10μm small 2-1000μm very small small protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria

  12. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes nuclear material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm What Are the Parts of Cells

  13. cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here) ribosomes: manufacture proteins vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here) nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA) Parts of Plant Cells cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum nucleus chloroplast central vacuole golgi body ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)

  14. Parts of Animal Cells Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell lysosome: digests biomolecules into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness Endoplasmic reticulum: site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell cell membrane mitochondria ribosome Golgi apparatus nucleus cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum lysosome

  15. Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Central Vacuole Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosome Cell Wall Comparison

  16. How small are cells?

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