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This chapter delves into the Columbian Exchange and its profound impacts on both the Old and New Worlds. It covers key figures like Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes, and Francisco Pizarro, who initiated Spanish conquests and established colonies. The text also discusses the exchange of people, plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic and the interaction between European settlers and Native Americans. The roles of missionaries, conquistadors, and the development of new territories such as New France and New England demonstrate the complexity of early colonization and its lasting effects on both cultures.
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Chapter 2 Vocab Colombian Exchange- People, plants, animals and diseases back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean. Slavery- treating people as property. Conquistadors- Spanish soldier explorers who conquered the native people for Spain. Colony- a new settlement or territory established in another land. Missionaries- people who travel to a territory or community to convert other people. Coureurs de bois- French fur trappers.
2.2 – Spain Starts an Empire 2. Christopher Columbus Discovered San Salvador in 1492. First European explorer to discover “new world” Sailed with three ships Nina Pinta Santa Maria
4. Hernan Cortes- 1519 Conquers Mexico with horses and 500 soldiers Built Mexico city, capital of New Spain 5. Francisco Pizarro- 1532, Conquers Peru SMALL POX came before he did, killed thousands of natives
2.3- The Spanish Borderlands 1. Ponce de Leon 1513, discovered Florida on Easter Sunday La Florida means: flowery Easter 2. Coronado 1540 Went looking for seven cities of gold Claims much of the Southwest for Spain.
4. The Spanish did the following to the Natives: Converted to Christianity Enslaved Conquered them and their land
Spanish Exploration Quiz Columbian Exchange- exchange of plants, animals and diseases. Missionaries- Spanish Priests who came to the new world to convert the native people. Conquistadors- Spanish soldiers/explorers who conquered land in the name of Spain.
Coronado- Went looking for seven cities of gold, claimed much of the Southwest. Columbus- 1492, discovered San Salvador. Cortes- Conquered the Aztec in Mexico. Juan Ponce de Leon- Discovered a flowery peninsula, named it La Florida. Pizarro- Conquered Peru in South America.
2.4- New France • Jacques Cartier • 1534, looking for Northwest Passage • Discovers land (Canada) for France 2. Samuel de Champlain 1608, sailed up the St. Lawrence river Built a trading post called Quebec Made friends with local Indians
3. Robert de La Salle • 1682, explored the Mississippi River • Plants flag at mouth of Miss. River, claims all land west for France
4. The French became business partners with the Native Americans. • Gave the Huron supplies and guns.
2.5 New England • 1. John Cabot • 1497, thought he landed in Asia...fail • Claims North America for England • 2. London Company • 1607, sent 105 settlers and 39 sailors in three tiny ships • Looking for gold • Started Jamestown
4. It’s complicated... • At first the Native and settlers did not like each other. • Pocahontas helps the people of Jamestown become friends with the Natives. • Marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas ends fued.
2.6 New Netherlands 1. Henry Hudson • 1609, looking for Northwest Passage • Discovers deep river, claims the land around it for the Netherlands (Hudson River) 2. Peter Stuyvesant • 1647, became governor of New Amsterdam (NY City today) • Governor for 16 years, helped grow the city.
4. Dutch became friends and buisness partners with Natives. Gave the Iroquois supplies and guns.
