1. CULTURAL herbaceous ornamental cultivars

2. A native plant, definition • A cultivar wich has been cultivated before scientific breeding • The cultivar is at least 100 years old • Selection of native plants, been under the influenced by combination of people and nature • Adapted to local cultivation and climate • Wide and rich genetic background • Breeding is based on native plants

3. Cultural cultivars of Finland Fruits • Small appleorchards in Alvastra, Sweden 2 000 B.C • First appltrees 1500 A.D. Turku • Lepaa manor, first appletrees at 1600 A.D. • Cold winter 1709 and almost every fruit tree died • 1700 century, nobility and vigarage grow fruits • at the end of 1800 century also farmers grow fruits

4. Cultural cultivars of Finland Vegetables, herbs and beets • Turnip, (burn over cultivation) is the oldest cultivar • Pea (Pisum sativum) 1000 – 1100 A.D near by Hämeenlinna • Nettle (Urtica dioica) is the oldest fiberplant

5. Cultural vegetables and herbs • 1673 Catalogus Plantarum, Turku • Onions, leek, anise, artichoke, asparagus, redbeet, cabbage, swede, Carum carvi (kirveli), chicory, korianteri, cucumberplant, melon, moiliainen, Indian lettuce, bean, tupakka, lettuce, Humulus lupulus, meirami, mint, turnip, parsnip, parsley, pea, paisuruoho, retikka, horseradish, rhubarb, ajuruoho

6. Cultural cultivars `Lapin puikula` potato Oval shape, different colors Ornamental cultivars • Syringa vulgaris 1728 Turku • Caragana arborescens 1720 • Herbaceous perennials, 50 years or older

7. Cultivars route in Finland • Nobility • Turku Academy • Manors, vicarages and town homes gave ornamental plants to maids when they became hostesses to farmer houses • Pharmacists had an important role • Finally, 100 years ago, cultivars arrived at farmers homes

8. Ornamental cultural cultivars Achillea long flowering time, end of summer Aconitum Aconogonon (Persicaria) x fennicum Aquilegia Campanula Delphinium

9. More cultivars • Dianthus • Dicentra • Dictamnus be careful • Digitalis • Geranium good coverage, weed control • Hemerocallis • Iris • Lilium old cultivar in micropropagation

10. And more cultivars • Paeonia sensiteve planting • Phlox • Saponaria • soap

11. Cultural cultivars at nowadays • More interest on cultural plants • Conservation – to continue living together • Transforming and accommodation on the living place • Crossing with local nativeplants • Selektive climet conditions

12. Benefits of cultural cultivars • Perfect accomodation on local climate • Low requirements for maintenance • Winter hardiness • Healthy cultivars • Quality • Traditional values • Genetic richness

13. Conservation of cultural cultivars • Should be grown near original deposits because • Still transforming • Cross pollination with local native plants • Cross pollination with other autochtonous cultural cultivars • Accommodation to local conditions

14. Supply of cultural plants • Cultural or breeded • The name doesn´t tell the history of cultivar • Ask is it autochthonous and what is the origin • Ask also who has propagated the cultivar

15. Cultural ornamentals in the garden • Natural garden • Selected cultivars • Ecological plants, what kind of production • Close consideration of planning -> less need for management • Succesful in places with low nutrient value • Tolerance against dryness • Right cultivar in the right place • Gardens growing conditions is always the starting-point

16. Useful contacts • Looking from plants side, Your self is the best contact • Find out where are the cultural cultivars of your home area • Plant in your garden or sow in to the kitchen garden • Live together – living conservation • Association, society or organization

17. Thank You