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Cross elasticity of demand (XED) Advertising elasticity of demand (AED). Learning objectives . To be able to interpret and calculate cross elasticity and advertising elasticity of demand . Cross elasticity of demand (XED).
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Cross elasticity of demand (XED)Advertising elasticity of demand (AED)
Learning objectives • To be able to interpret and calculate cross elasticity and advertising elasticity of demand
Cross elasticity of demand (XED) • Measures the responsiveness of demand for a product following the change in the price of another product % change in demand for product X Cross Elasticity = % change in demand for product Y
Cross elasticity of demand (XED) • If 2 goods are close substitutes, such as Xbox and PlayStation, then a fall in the price of Xbox is likely to lead to a reduction in the price of PlayStations. Cross elasticity is positive • If 2 goods are often bought together. IPhone and IPhone Apps, then an increase in the price of the phone is likely to lead to a reduction in the demand for applications. Cross elasticity is negative
A 10% price rise for Bounty´s causes a 20% increase in quantity demanded of Mars Bars. FACT. +20 +10 XED = +2 A 20% price rise for battered fish causes a 50% decrease in quantity demanded of chips. This is also a FACT. -50 +20 XED = -2.5 Good B Good A Good B Good A
XED, Subs and Comps • XED = +1 or greater • This means that the goods are substitutes (by raising the price of one, people turn to the other). The higher the number, the STRONGER the substitute. • XED = -1 or ‘greater’ • This means that the goods are complements (by raising the price of one, people also stop buying the other). The ‘higher’ the number, the STRONGER the complement. • If XED is less than 1, then there is little or no connection. If it is 0, then the good is totally INDEPENDENT
Advertising elasticity of demand (AED) • Measures the responsiveness of demand for a product following a change in the advertising spending on it % change in demand for product Advertising Elasticity = % change in advertising spend on product
Advertising elasticity of demand (AED) • Generally, where a company spends on advertising, demand tends to be high • This is not always the case, if: • Rival firms spend more on advertising • Campaign is expensive and ineffective • Other elements of the marketing mix are not working well