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Exploring Tel Burna: Uncovering the Archaeological Site Linked to Biblical Libnah

The Tel Burna Archaeological Project, led by Dr. Itzhaq Shai, aims to investigate the ancient site of Tel Burna, potentially identified with the biblical city of Libnah. Previous surveys, including work by Aharoni, Amiran, and Dagan, highlight its significance in the Shephelah region, showcasing evidence of Iron Age occupation and fortifications. With a focus on developing surveying methodology, this project emphasizes the importance of historical context, including settlement patterns from the Early Bronze Age through the Iron Ages. Findings will enrich our understanding of ancient cultures in the area.

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Exploring Tel Burna: Uncovering the Archaeological Site Linked to Biblical Libnah

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  1. The Tel Burna Archaeological Project Dr. ItzhaqShai http://telburna.wordpress.com

  2. Previous Research • Aharoni and Amiran • Dagan’s Survey of the Shephelah – which includes this site • Koh’s Survey • No Excavations Conducted at the Site

  3. Tel Burna – Tell Bornât

  4. Tel Burna = Biblical Libnah? • Then Joshua and all Israel with him moved on from Makkedah to Libnah and attacked it (Josh. 10: 29) • In the western foothills: …Libnah, Ether, Ashan… (Josh. 15: 33-42) • So to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron (a city of refuge for one accused of murder), Libnah(Josh. 21: 13)

  5. To this day Edom has been in rebellion against Judah. Libnah revolted at the same time (2 Kgs. 8: 22) • Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah (2 Kgs. 23: 31) • Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah (2 Kgs. 24: 18)

  6. Possible Locations for Libnah • Tel Goded • Tel Zayit • HorvatLavnin • Tel Burna • Location near HorvatEter, Mareshah • On Border with Philistia • Iron Age occupation and fortifications • Evidence for Sennacherib’s Campaign • 7th Century Remains

  7. The Survey Uziel J. and Shai I. 2010. The Tel Burna Surface Survey. Tel Aviv 37: 242-260

  8. Research Goals • Developing survey methodology for tel sites, using comparative survey data collected through various methods • “Ground truthing” survey results through excavation – to confirm/refute results of different methods of surveying • Dating features visible on the surface • Defining the effects of erosion, human activity, site depletion

  9. The 2009 Survey Season • Total collection of artifacts from surface as well as documentation of architectural features • Division of site according to “topographic fields” • Attempt to define periods of settlement, size per period, and potential areas of excavation

  10. Approx. 16 Hectares of Surface Scatter

  11. EB MB LB Ca. 5 hectares Ca. 6 hectares Ca. 3 hectares Distribution of Artifacts per Period Ir I Ir II Ca. 8 hectares Ca. 2 hectares

  12. Percentage of Diagnostic Ceramics According to Period

  13. Comparison of Distribution Area and Sherd Counts

  14. Lamashtu Plaque from Nahal Guvrin (near Tel Burna) – Published by M. Cogan in IEJ 1995

  15. Survey Conclusions • Settlement in EB, MB, LB and Iron I-II • Large LB Settlement • Small Iron I settlement – including Philistine pottery • Iron II most significant, possibly fortified The Ups and Downs of the Settlement Over Time

  16. Excavations: Goals after 3 Seasons • Micro: • Settlement History of the Site • Periods, size, character of settlement • Dating Architectural Elements • E.g. fortifications, silos, walls on surface

  17. Excavations: Goals after 3 Seasons • Macro: • Survey methodology • Shovel Pits Surveying • Use of Landscape • Mapping and documenting agricultural installations, caves • Studying Ancient Borders • Comparisons of Material Culture • Archaeology and the Community • Open Excavation • Cleaning Agricultural Installations • Conservation of Chosen Features • Late Bronze Age Cult

  18. ShovelPits

  19. Agricultural Installations Around the Site

  20. Area B Eastern Section Summit Center

  21. 21 Squares Thus Far • LB IIB (13th Century BCE) • Iron Age IIA (9th Century BCE) • Iron Age IIB (8th Century BCE) • Iron Age IIC (7th Century BCE) • Persian Period

  22. LB IIB • Area B – No Iron Age Settlement Above! • 13th Century BCE • Cypriot and Mycenaean Imports • Bedrock after 0.5 meter • Some unique finds indicate unique activity!

  23. Area B – LB IIB

  24. Noses

  25. Cup and Saucer Cylindrical Seal

  26. Cypriot Imported Pottery

  27. Unique Cypriot Vessel

  28. Iron Age IIA • Surface outside the fortifications • Installation on the inside of the inner wall • Loom weights • Hand Burnished pottery

  29. Iron Age IIA

  30. Iron Age IIA

  31. Iron Age IIA installation

  32. Iron Age IIB • Settlement in all areas of summit • Stamped Handles • Wheel Burnishing

  33. Iron Age IIB

  34. Iron Age IIB

  35. Iron Age IIB

  36. 9th-8th Centuries BCE Pottery from Around the Fortifications

  37. 9th-8th Centuries BCE Pottery from Around the Fortifications

  38. Hand and Wheel Burnish

  39. Stamped Handles

  40. Judean Pillar Figurine

  41. 7th Century BCE • Primarily Silos with small patches of architecture related to them

  42. 7th Century BCE Pottery

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