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The Tel Burna Archaeological Project

The Tel Burna Archaeological Project. Dr. Itzhaq Shai. http://telburna.wordpress.com. Previous Research. Aharoni and Amiran Dagan’s Survey of the Shephelah – which includes this site Koh’s Survey No Excavations Conducted at the Site. Tel Burna – Tell Bornât.

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The Tel Burna Archaeological Project

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  1. The Tel Burna Archaeological Project Dr. ItzhaqShai http://telburna.wordpress.com

  2. Previous Research • Aharoni and Amiran • Dagan’s Survey of the Shephelah – which includes this site • Koh’s Survey • No Excavations Conducted at the Site

  3. Tel Burna – Tell Bornât

  4. Tel Burna = Biblical Libnah? • Then Joshua and all Israel with him moved on from Makkedah to Libnah and attacked it (Josh. 10: 29) • In the western foothills: …Libnah, Ether, Ashan… (Josh. 15: 33-42) • So to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron (a city of refuge for one accused of murder), Libnah(Josh. 21: 13)

  5. To this day Edom has been in rebellion against Judah. Libnah revolted at the same time (2 Kgs. 8: 22) • Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah (2 Kgs. 23: 31) • Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah (2 Kgs. 24: 18)

  6. Possible Locations for Libnah • Tel Goded • Tel Zayit • HorvatLavnin • Tel Burna • Location near HorvatEter, Mareshah • On Border with Philistia • Iron Age occupation and fortifications • Evidence for Sennacherib’s Campaign • 7th Century Remains

  7. The Survey Uziel J. and Shai I. 2010. The Tel Burna Surface Survey. Tel Aviv 37: 242-260

  8. Research Goals • Developing survey methodology for tel sites, using comparative survey data collected through various methods • “Ground truthing” survey results through excavation – to confirm/refute results of different methods of surveying • Dating features visible on the surface • Defining the effects of erosion, human activity, site depletion

  9. The 2009 Survey Season • Total collection of artifacts from surface as well as documentation of architectural features • Division of site according to “topographic fields” • Attempt to define periods of settlement, size per period, and potential areas of excavation

  10. Approx. 16 Hectares of Surface Scatter

  11. EB MB LB Ca. 5 hectares Ca. 6 hectares Ca. 3 hectares Distribution of Artifacts per Period Ir I Ir II Ca. 8 hectares Ca. 2 hectares

  12. Percentage of Diagnostic Ceramics According to Period

  13. Comparison of Distribution Area and Sherd Counts

  14. Lamashtu Plaque from Nahal Guvrin (near Tel Burna) – Published by M. Cogan in IEJ 1995

  15. Survey Conclusions • Settlement in EB, MB, LB and Iron I-II • Large LB Settlement • Small Iron I settlement – including Philistine pottery • Iron II most significant, possibly fortified The Ups and Downs of the Settlement Over Time

  16. Excavations: Goals after 3 Seasons • Micro: • Settlement History of the Site • Periods, size, character of settlement • Dating Architectural Elements • E.g. fortifications, silos, walls on surface

  17. Excavations: Goals after 3 Seasons • Macro: • Survey methodology • Shovel Pits Surveying • Use of Landscape • Mapping and documenting agricultural installations, caves • Studying Ancient Borders • Comparisons of Material Culture • Archaeology and the Community • Open Excavation • Cleaning Agricultural Installations • Conservation of Chosen Features • Late Bronze Age Cult

  18. ShovelPits

  19. Agricultural Installations Around the Site

  20. Area B Eastern Section Summit Center

  21. 21 Squares Thus Far • LB IIB (13th Century BCE) • Iron Age IIA (9th Century BCE) • Iron Age IIB (8th Century BCE) • Iron Age IIC (7th Century BCE) • Persian Period

  22. LB IIB • Area B – No Iron Age Settlement Above! • 13th Century BCE • Cypriot and Mycenaean Imports • Bedrock after 0.5 meter • Some unique finds indicate unique activity!

  23. Area B – LB IIB

  24. Noses

  25. Cup and Saucer Cylindrical Seal

  26. Cypriot Imported Pottery

  27. Unique Cypriot Vessel

  28. Iron Age IIA • Surface outside the fortifications • Installation on the inside of the inner wall • Loom weights • Hand Burnished pottery

  29. Iron Age IIA

  30. Iron Age IIA

  31. Iron Age IIA installation

  32. Iron Age IIB • Settlement in all areas of summit • Stamped Handles • Wheel Burnishing

  33. Iron Age IIB

  34. Iron Age IIB

  35. Iron Age IIB

  36. 9th-8th Centuries BCE Pottery from Around the Fortifications

  37. 9th-8th Centuries BCE Pottery from Around the Fortifications

  38. Hand and Wheel Burnish

  39. Stamped Handles

  40. Judean Pillar Figurine

  41. 7th Century BCE • Primarily Silos with small patches of architecture related to them

  42. 7th Century BCE Pottery

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