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Lesson 16. Day 1. Discuss meanings of spelling words. Say “camel”,” “gentle,” “April,” and “animal” What letters make the / l/ sound? e l, le, il , al The / l/ sound at the end of a word can be spelled consonant –al, -el, - il , or –le. e. e. Listening Comprehension.
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Discuss meanings of spelling words. • Say “camel”,” “gentle,” “April,” and “animal” • What letters make the / l/ sound? • el, le, il, al • The / l/ sound at the end of a word can be spelled consonant –al, -el, -il, or –le. e e
Listening Comprehension • Genre – nonfiction • Tells about real people, events, or situations • Is meant to provide information in an interesting way • This story is about 4 young inventors. • When you listen to a nonfiction passage about people, you should listen to learn about what the people have accomplished. • Purpose: To learn what new idea the young inventors came up with. • Good readers read aloud at the same speed they use when talking and read slowly enough for listeners to follow, but not so slowly that their reading drags.
A controversy is an issue that people have conflicting opinions about. To implement a plan is to make it happen. It’s an opinion because the girls feel confident about it, but they don’t know whether it is true. Is it a fact or an opinion that people would be willing to pay extra for bluegrass paper?
What new idea did the inventors come up with? • The inventors came up with a plan to make paper from bluegrass. • What does this article show about the impact young people can have in their community? • It shows young people can make a difference. • In this week’s story, you will learn about other inventors who found solutions to problems.
Read page 410. • Authors of nonfiction text may give both facts and opinions about a topic. • A fact is a statement that can be proved. • An opinion expresses a feeling or belief. • Being able to tell the difference between facts and opinions helps readers understand and evaluate what they read. • Words that signal an opinion are should, must be, best, worst, I think, and I believe.
FACT – How old are you? • OPINION – What food do you like best?
Read page 411. • Think aloud: The sentence “A water bike can travel at about six miles per hour” is a fact. You could check it by timing the water bike with a stopwatch. The author’s statement that the water bike is an amazing invention is an opinion. You can’t prove this. • Reread the 4th sentence and tell whether it’s a fact or an opinion and how you know. • This is a fact because you could prove this by comparing a water bike to a regular bike.
Comprehension Strategy: Monitor Comprehension: Adjust Reading Rate • Reading rate is how quickly or how slowing you read. • You should adjust your reading rate according to the kind of text you are reading. • Text that contains facts, figures, place names, and unfamiliar words should be read more slowly. • Text that is to be read for enjoyment, such as fiction stories, can usually be read more quickly.
Read the first 2 paragraphs. Read the 3rd paragraph. Would you read this paragraph more quickly or more slowly than the first paragraph? Why? Think aloud: The 1st paragraph contains many facts, and it tells about a new topic. The 2nd paragraph contains more facts about the history of eyeglasses. Some of the words, such as the name of the Italian monk Alessandro diSpina, are unfamiliar. The 2nd paragraph also contains dates. These paragraphs should be read more slowly. More quickly because it contains familiar words, fewer facts, and has no dates or difficult names.
This week’s story is about inventions and inventors. • What do you know about inventions and inventors?
Develop Concept • People use many inventions, such as pens, zippers, and telephones, every day. • Some inventors, like Benjamin Franklin, are well known for their inventions. • Other inventors are not famous, even though their contributions to the world have been very important. • Inventors test and retest ideas, make models, and experience disappointments and even danger as they develop new inventions.
Which would you tinker with, a car engine or a pet snail? Should you trust a hoaxer? Why or why not? What happens to things that are trampled? If you forged some musicians into an excellent band, what did you do? What is a skill that you do fairly well now but would like to perfect? Explain. Describe a quest that an explorer might go on. Name two barriers to living at the bottom of the ocean.
Read page 412. • What quest were the girl and her dad on? • What kind of barriers might they have put up around the garden? • How could a dog forge a path into a garden? • What could happen to trampled plants?
Read page 413. • Why did the girl say, “I want to be a hoaxer, too?” • Why did Dad tinker with the CD player and motion sensor? • How do you think Dad was able to perfect his invention?
Day 2 • Read story. • Discuss • Thinking Critically • About the Author and Illustrator
Vocabulary Review • What profession is good for someone who likes to tinker? • Why did people think Robert Goddard was a hoaxer? • What did George Washington want horses to trample in his barn? • Why would the author say that Thomas Edison forged a crew? • Why did perfecting mass production make Henry Ford famous? • Why is being an inventor a quest? • What kind of barrier do inventors face?
Pages 430-431 • Read the title and look at the illustrations. • These pages give directions for how to make a movie machine. • Look at the box labeled “You Need” and the numbered paragraphs. • Each paragraph explains one step in the process of making a movie machine.
When might you need to follow written directions in real life? • When putting something together, when hooking up a computer • Read and notice how the numbers show the sequence of steps and the pictures show what to do.
What is the key to drawing the pictures for the movie machine? • They should be drawn with only slight changes from one to the next. • What impact do you think the invention of movies has had on the world? • Why do you think you have to look through the holes of the movie machine to see the pictures move? • So that your eyes view only one picture at a time.
Page 432 – Comparing Text Questions • Page 433 – Writing • Read checklist. • Use graphic organizer.
Fact and Opinion • Writers of nonfiction text sometimes inclue their own opinions as well as the facts about a topic. • A fact is something that can be proved. • An opinion is a statement of feeling or belief. • Clue words that signal an opinion are should, must be, best, I think, I believe, and worst.
Page 419: Is it a fact or an opinion that Igor Sikorsky’s helicopter took off in 1939? How do you know? • It is a fact. You could prove it by checking an encyclopedia or other resources. • Page 426: Is it a fact or an opinion that there will always be barriers to be broken? • It is an opinion. You can never prove that something will happen in the future.
Cause and Effect • Authors of nonfiction sometimes organize information by causes and effects. • A cause is an event that makes another event happen. • An effect is what happens as a result. • Sometimes a cause has more than one effect. • Clue words that signal a cause and effect relationship are because, if, then, and therefore.
Read paragraph 5 on page 421. • What caused Thomas Jefferson to cut holes in the floor? • The ropes holding the weights were too long to hang freely. • What clue words signal the cause? • so long that
Vocabulary Review • What invention would you like to tinker with? • Is it ever okay to be a hoaxer? Explain. • What would happen if a large animal trampled things in a gift shop? • Could a person forge a path through a swamp? Explain. • What invention do you think still needs to be perfected? • What quest would you like to go on? • What barriers might you face if you took a trip to another country?
Reference Sources • The authors of nonfiction texts usually use a number of reference sources to find and check information as they are writing.
Identify the best reference sources to use to answer the questions below. • Igor Sikorsky was from Russia. What countries share a border with Russia? • atlas • Who won major awards in 2006 for important scientific discoveries? • almanac, Internet • What does the word incandescent mean? • dictionary • What is the difference between AC and CD current? • encyclopedia, dictionary, Internet • Who invented the first automobile and in what year was it invented? • encyclopedia
Follow Written Directions • Written directions tell how to make or do something, contain a list of materials, and explain the steps in the order they should be done. • Carefully read all the steps. • Ask questions about anything you do not understand. • Gather all the materials you will need. • Follow the steps in order.
What do these directions explain how to do? • What materials do you need? • How many steps do you need to follow? • What would happen if you put the glue on the flaps before you cut out the shape? • What should you do to make sure the paper cube comes out the way it should?
Synonyms and Antonyms • A synonym is a word that has almost the same meaning as another word. • An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. • Knowing synonyms and antonyms can help you choose precise words to use in your writing. • To find a synonym for fast, look in a thesaurus or think of a word that means the same thing, such as rapid or quick.
If you are unsure of how to spell a word when you are writing, you can draw a blank for any part of that word and go back to it later. • Demonstrate this strategy by writing a sentence, leaving a placeholder for part of one word, and then going back to check that word’s spelling in a dictionary.
Vocabulary Review • Why might an intrepid person go on a dangerous quest? • Would a seasoned mechanic need guidance on how to tinker with his car? Explain. • Would a hoaxer undoubtedly play a trick on you – even if you were friends? Why or why not? • If you wanted to hoist a car onto a tow truck, how many people would you forge together to do it? • Would it be a privilege to go on a quest with a famous explorer? Explain. • What skills would you need to perfect to have a pristine bedroom? • How would you feel if someone trampled on your most cherished possession? • What would happen if an elephant trampled on something fragile? • What king of barriers would keep a person from eating something delectable?
Present your how-to paragraphs by presenting them orally. • Organizing Content • Begin by briefly describing the game you will explain in your presentation. • List any items needed to play the game. • Make sure all the steps are in order.
Speaking Strategies • Use language you would use when talking with a friend. • Pause between each step to make sure the audience is following along. • If the audience looks confused, stop and ask if they have questions. • Look at your audience as you speak.
Listening Strategies • Be courteous. • Listen carefully until the entire presentation has been developed. • Jot down any questions you have. • Pay attention to visual aids the speaker presents.
