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The Particle Theory

The Particle Theory. Ch. 2. The Particle Theory. More than 2000 years ago, a Greek philosopher Democritus suggested that matter was made of tiny particles too small to be seen.

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The Particle Theory

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  1. The Particle Theory Ch. 2

  2. The Particle Theory More than 2000 years ago, a Greek philosopher Democritus suggested that matter was made of tiny particles too small to be seen. He thought if you kept cutting a substance into smaller and smaller pieces, you would find the building blocks of matter. Democritus “the Laughing Philosopher” 400 BCE

  3. Four Principles of the Particle Theory • All matter is made of tiny particles. • All particles of one substance are the same. - Different substances are made of different particles. • The particles are always moving. - The more energy the particles have, the faster they move. • There are attractive forces between particles. - These forces are stronger when the particles are closer together.

  4. Two Categories of Substances The particle theory helps to explain two categories of substances that are encountered in chemistry. Category 1: Pure Substances - contains only one kind of particle - Types: elements and compounds Category 2: Mixtures - contains two or more different pure substances - Types: homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures

  5. Category 1: Pure Substances Type 1: Elements – pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances - Examples: think Periodic table (oxygen, hydrogen) Type 2: Compounds – pure substances that contain two or more elements - Examples: Water (H2O), sugar (C6H12O6)

  6. Category 2: Mixtures Type 1: Homogeneous (also known as solutions) – may be made up of solids, liquids or gases - this mixture is uniform (the same) throughout - Examples: air, alloys, kool aid, white vinegar, orange juice without the pulp Type 2: Heterogeneous – see each part easily, separated physically - this mixture is not uniform throughout - Examples: pizza, garbage, beach sand, vegetable soup

  7. Atoms - each atom is made of one type of element - the periodic table of elements has 118 elements • Molecules - contains two or more atoms C4H8 – contains 4 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms

  8. Classification of Matter Concept Map (ho-oh)Homework Assignment #1: p. 44-47 #1, 3, 4

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