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Judaism

Judaism. A covenant people. Basic Facts. Not a doctrine, an idea, a faith, but a covenant between God and the people Living in the spiritual order of Jewish people Two ways of summarizing Judaism In the Jews of the past with the interpretation of their history

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Judaism

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  1. Judaism A covenant people

  2. Basic Facts • Not a doctrine, an idea, a faith, but a covenant between God and the people • Living in the spiritual order of Jewish people • Two ways of summarizing Judaism • In the Jews of the past with the interpretation of their history • With the Jews of the present sanctifying life • Group identity • Religious, Jews who observe the religious aspect of Judaism • Cultural, Non observant Jews

  3. Central Teachings • God • Master of the Universe • YHWH (Yahweh) • Adonai • G-d • Shema • Judaism’s most basic theological statement. “Here O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord alone” Deut. 6:4 • Recited 2 times a day • Inscribed on a Mezuzah kept in the doorway of the home • Torah • The written revelation of God’s will

  4. Covenant People • Covenant is an agreement between two parties each offering something in return for something. • First covenant made with Abraham insured the land and the descendants and the promise of a great nation in return for faith in the one true God • Monotheistic worship of the God of Abraham • Circumcision • Second covenant made with the Israelites, post exodus, through Moses. God promises to be their personal God in return for their faith and obedience • Chosen people • Ten Commandments

  5. Torah • Literally means “instruction” and refers to the will of God revealed to his people • Loosely translated as “Law”; it guides proper human conduct • Believed to have been revealed directly to Moses • Primary statement of the religious laws of Judaism • Central code of holiness; 613 laws • First 5 books of Hebrew Scripture; Pentateuch • Every synagogue house the entire Torah in a vessel called an “ark”

  6. Hebrew Scripture • Torah • Law • Central code of holiness • 613 laws (Leviticus) • Purity • Ritual • Social justice • Ten commandments (Exodus & Deuteronomy) • Nevi’im • Prophets • Historical accounts • Visions and sermons of messengers of God • Apocalyptic writings • Ketuvim • Writings • Historical accounts • Wisdom literature TaNaK

  7. Religious Teachings • Torah: • Inspired word of God; initially passed on orally • Mishnah: • Collected teachings of the rabbis of 400 BC to 200AD. • Talmud • Based on Mishnah- extensive rabbinic commentary on chapters of Mishnah; Palestinian and Babylonian

  8. History of the “Chosen People” • Ancient Israelites • The Patriarchs (2000 BC) to Destruction of Temple (70 AD) • Classical Judaism • Destruction of Temple to 700 AD when Muslims claimed Israel and dispersed Jews • Diaspora • Jewish->Christian->Muslim

  9. History of the “Chosen People” • Medieval Judaism • 700 AD to Mid 1700’s • Lives under Islamic rule but were treated well, paid taxes • Christian animosity for “killing Christ” • Jew s blamed for many disasters, emigrated to Poland • Moses Maimonides: Jewish philosopher and mystic • 13 principles “The Backbone of Jewish Theology” • Kabbalah: God can be known through the heart. • Zohar • Modern Judaism • Mid 1700’s – present • Hasidism • Zionism • Holocaust • State of Israel • Different branches of Judaism • Reform • Conservative • Orthodox

  10. Daily Life • Rituals • Birth and naming • Circumcision • Naming • Coming of Age • Bar mitzvah • Bat mitzvah • Marriage • Huppah • Breaking of the glass • Death and mourning • Outward signs of grief • Kaddish • 30 days • Worship • Daily prayer • Home • Synagogue • Ethics • Adherence to the Law • Social justice

  11. Holy days & Festivals • Sabbath • Friday sundown to Saturday sundown • Day of rest, worship, celebration and fellowship • Seventh day of creation • Rosh Hashanah • Jewish New Year, 2 days in the Fall • Celebrates creation • Reflection on deeds of the last year, need for redemption • Ram’s horn is blown • Reinforcement of social relationships • Yom Kippur • Day of Atonement • 10th day of the new year • Fasting, and repentance • Passover • Remembrance of the saving event of the exodus, 8 days • Seder : special meal to remind of the 10th plague of Egypt • Recitation of the HAGGADAH

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