Challenges and Changes in the Movement

1. Challenges and Changes in the Movement Chapter 29 Section 3

2. Objective & Do Now Objective: understand what led to the rise of black militarism Do Now: Is the legacy of the Civil Rights movement & Black Panthers alive today? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0XMJMphPT4

3. I African Americans Seek Greater EqualityA. Northern Segregation • By 1965 civil rights movement and leaders began drifting apart  new leaders emerging who focus on the north • N prob = de facto segregation (custom & practice) harder to fight than de jure segregation (law) • Easier to change specific laws (Jim Crow) than to change ppls hearts and minds • De facto segregation increased as Af. Amer.  ton cities after WWII the white flight • Decaying slums/discrimination/stagnant poverty  violence

4. B. Urban Violence Erupts • 5 days after Voting Rights Act LA race riots last for 36 days • Rage expressed by Af. Amer. Communities not understood by whites especially after all victories for civ rights law • Did not see the econ, jobs, housing & EDU inequality • LBJ’s War on Poverty = program designed to help impoverished Americans • War in Vietnam took econ. Resources away from prog. & LBJ’s Great Society

5. II New Leader Voice DiscontentA. African American Solidarity • Growing belief that Af. Amer. Should be in control of their own com. • Malcom X was one of these leaders • Studied teaching of the Nation of Islam aka Black Muslims • Became minister of Muslim faith • Preached whites were cause of the conditions found in black com. & that they should be separate from white society • Appealed to many as pride in their culture was rising in Af. Amer. Com.

6. Advocated self defense rather than nonviolence • Gained media attention that had 2 results • Call for self defense frightened many whites • Reawakened resentment in other members of the Nation of Islam

7. B. Ballots or Bullets • Malcom breaks from Nation of Islam & forms another Muslim org. • Makes pilgrimage to Mecca & learns of orthodox islam teachings that preach equality of all raceschange of view towards whites • Ballots of Bullets explanation • Malcom X assassinated http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgy2ytgLE84

8. C. Black Power • James Meridith shot in “march against fear”  SCLC (MLK) CORE (McKissick) & SNCC (Stokley Carmichael) continue what he started • SNCC & CORE shout militant slogans like followers of black seperatists • MLK “We shall overcome” drowned out by “We shal overrun” • Carmichael arrested  Black power speech (Pg 874) • Black Power slogan electrified the crowd  MLK & other urge him to stop using it out of fear it might provoke Af. Amer. Violence and antagonize whites • Calls for Af. Amer. To begin to define their own goals  urges SNCC to stop recruiting whites & focus on Af. Amer. Pride • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ed3b7uS3fn8

9. D. Black Panther’s • Huey Newton & Bobby Seal form new political power called Black Panthers • Fight against police brutality in the ghetto • Advocated taking control of their communities & exemption of Af. Amer. From mil. Service  unfair of Af. Amer. Drafted in Vietnam • Black burets, sunglasses, black leather jackets • Preached armed revolt  FBI investigations (sometimes illegal) • Recruited members from SNCC & gained support from ghettos for providing services

10. E. MLK’s Assassination • Knew his life was in danger  assassinated by James Earl Ray • RFK calls for peace (Pg.875) • MLK’s death  race riots all over the country • RFK assassinated

11. III Legacy of Civil Rights Movement • Kerner Commission investigate urban violence writes report  main reason= white racism • Called for end of de facto segregation but LBJ doesn’t follow recs. Because of white opposition • Civil Rights movement brought end of de jure segregation  higher education & voting among Af. Amer. • Also greater pride to Af. Amer. Culture  black studies & mainstreamed culture • Still combated de facto segregation • Made worse by white flight • Affirmative action  some criticize