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Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Review

Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Review. What are the phases of the cell cycle?. IPMAT Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase. What occurs during Interphase?. G1- growth and development. S- DNA replication G2- preparation for cell reproduction. What phases belong to mitosis?.

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Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Review

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  1. Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Review

  2. What are the phases of the cell cycle? • IPMAT • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  3. What occurs during Interphase? • G1- growth and development. • S- DNA replication • G2- preparation for cell reproduction.

  4. What phases belong to mitosis? • PMAT • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  5. What occurs during Prophase? • Chromatin material coils into chromatid pairs. • Nuclear membrane disappears. • Spindle begins to assemble.

  6. What occurs during Metaphase? • Chromatid pairs line up along the equator of the cell. • Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromatid pair.

  7. What occurs during Anaphase? • Sister chromatids are pulled apart and chromosomes begin to migrate to the poles of the cell.

  8. What occurs during Telophase? • Chromosomes reach the poles of the cell. • 2 identical nuclei form.

  9. What is cytokinesis? • At the end of telophase the entire cell splits to form two identical cells.

  10. What is the function of checkpoints during the cell cycle? • To check cell size and health. • To repair DNA. • To determine if the cycle will continue or stall.

  11. What is DNA replication • During the S stage of interphase the cell’s DNA is copied. • RNA polymerase splits the DNA strands open and matches bases to both strands.

  12. What is the function of DNA? • Provides the instructions for what proteins will be synthesized by the ribosomes.

  13. What are the differences between DNA and mRNA? • DNA can’t leave the nucleus but mRNA can. • DNA contains Thymine while mRNA contains Uracil instead. • DNA is double stranded while mRNA is single stranded.

  14. What is Transcription? • DNA is copied onto a molecule of mRNA. • RNA polymerase unzips DNA and matches mRNA nucleotides to one strand of the DNA.

  15. In DNA, what bases pair? • A with T, adenine with thymine • C with G, cytosine with guanine

  16. What is a nucleotide? • A monomer of DNA. • Contains a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base (A, T, C or G)

  17. What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together? • Hydrogen bonds

  18. Match DNA nucleotides:ACGAACGTT • TGCTTGCAA

  19. Match mRNA bases to this DNA strand:ATCAAGCAT • UAGUUCGUA

  20. What is translation? • mRNA is decoded into a polypeptide chain of amino acids which folds up to form a protein.

  21. Proteins are built during… • Protein synthesis. • Actual synthesis occurs during translation.

  22. What is a codon? • Three consecutive nitrogen bases of mRNA. • The ribosome read mRNA one codon at a time. • One codon translates into one amino acid.

  23. What is the function of tRNA during translation? • It brings amino acids to match with the mRNA codons.

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