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This chapter explores the five essential themes of geography: Location, Place, Region, Movement, and Human-Environment Interaction. Each theme provides a framework for understanding the complex relationships between people and their environment. We delve into absolute and relative locations, the intrinsic characteristics of places, regional classifications, and the dynamics of movement that encompass goods, ideas, and culture. The section also highlights the tools geographers use, including globes, maps, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), illustrating how we analyze spatial relationships and patterns.
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Chapter One Looking at the Earth
Section One:The Five Themes Of Geography • Location – where • Place – characteristics • Region – group by similarities • Movement – how people, goods and ideas move • Human-Environment Interaction – how we adapt to the world around us
Location • Absolute location – exact coordinates • Latitude – measure north & south, equator • Longitude – measure east & west, prime meridian • combine to form a grid • Relative location – using landmarks to describe
Place • Physical characteristics • Landforms • Bodies of water • Climate • Human characteristics • Culture • Man made structures • Man made borders
Region • Formal – limited characteristics • Ex. Northeast U.S. • Functional – interaction connections • Ex. Houston / Suburbs • Perceptual – commonly accepted • Ex. The Midwest U.S.
Movement • Goods • People • Ideas • Language / Writing • Travelers • Television • Cell phones • Newspapers • Books • Internet
Extreme Cold Extreme Heat Close to the Ocean In the Desert Human-Environment Interaction
Section Two:The Geographers Tools • Globes • 3-D • More accurate • Not much detail • Maps • 2-D • Portable • More detailed • Has distortion
Mapmaking • Cartographers are mapmakers • The surveying process • Field survey – observe, measure, and record • Remote sensing – using aerial photos or satellite images
Geographic Info Systems (GIS) • Satellites • Landsat - Scan the earth and pick up general data • GOES - Weather patterns and prediction • Global Positioning System (GPS) • Navstars – 24 satellites that can give lat./long./altitude/time of a receiver