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Tapping groundwater – problems

Tapping groundwater – problems. Saltwater Intrusion Normal interface between freshwater and saltwater moves inland Figure 15-17. Subsidence : Land sinks. Sinkholes Roof of cavern collapses. Reducing Water Waste. Why do we really waste so much?.

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Tapping groundwater – problems

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  1. Tapping groundwater – problems • Saltwater Intrusion • Normal interface between freshwater and saltwater moves inland • Figure 15-17

  2. Subsidence: • Land sinks

  3. Sinkholes • Roof of cavern collapses

  4. Reducing Water Waste

  5. Why do we really waste so much? • Underpricing! We don’t really pay for it!!!!

  6. Conventional Irrigation • “About 60% of the irrigation water applied throughout the world does not reach targeted crops.” • Most lost to evaporation and run-off

  7. Examples: • Flood irrigation:

  8. Conventional spray irrigation:

  9. More efficient irrigation technologies include:

  10. Center Pivot

  11. LEPA: Low Energy Precision Application

  12. Drip Irrigation, Microirrigation

  13. Other ways to reduce water waste:

  14. Xeriscaping • Replace green lawns with vegetation adapted to the climate! (natural)

  15. Gray Water System

  16. Using storm run-off

  17. This storm water system will reduce the building’s water bill by 90% and save water resources

  18. In the U.S.: Flushing toilets with water clean enough to drink is the single largest use of domestic water.

  19. Solution: Desalinization?? • Reverse osmosis or Distillation • Disadvantages: • Expensive • Energy Intensive • Produces Briny Water

  20. Water Pollution

  21. Major Categories: Table 22-1

  22. Point Source: discharge pollutants at specific locations

  23. Non-Point Source: scattered and diffuse; can not be traced to any single point.

  24. The leading Non-Point Source of water pollution:

  25. Eutrophication: Natural nutrient enrichment

  26. Cultural Eutrophication: excessive inputs of nutrients due to human activities. • What are NUTRIENTS????

  27. Produce “blooms” of algae, cyanobacteria, or aquatic plants • Initially, produce Oxygen; however, massive die-offsand decomposition via bacteria sucks OUT all Oxygen • Ecosystem suffocates!!

  28. Animal wastes • Fertilizer run-off (agricultural and domestic) • Sewage • 80-90% of raw sewage in developing countries dumped directly into lakes/streams • Approx. 85% of raw sewage from people around Mediterranean Sea dumped along the coast

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