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Chapter 19- Human Evolution

Chapter 19- Human Evolution. Humans - mammal order, the Primates First appeared approx 65 mil yrs ago First primates- lived in trees Inherited some of their characteristics: limber joints, sensitive grasping hands, short snout, forward pointing eyes 2 groups of living primates-

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Chapter 19- Human Evolution

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  1. Chapter 19- Human Evolution • Humans- mammal order, the Primates • First appeared approx 65 mil yrs ago • First primates- lived in trees • Inherited some of their characteristics: limber joints, sensitive grasping hands, short snout, forward pointing eyes • 2 groups of living primates- • 1. prosimians- lemurs • 2. anthropoids- monkeys, apes, humans • Relatives- humans most closely related to apes, primates that lack tails and have forelimbs longer than their hind limbs • Apes- includes gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees • Genes- humans share more than 97% of DNA with chimps (closest relatives) • Evolution • Apes and hominids probably split from common ape-like ancestors between 5 and 7 million years ago • Early hominids a diverse group • Naming and classifying- taxonomy

  2. Human origins- anthropology • From fossil record, it is thought that apes began to evolve about 30 mil years ago • Based on fossil and skeletal evidence most scientists believe humans and apes evolved along different paths from a common ancestor • Australopithecus- more human than apelike • Lived between 3 and 2 mil years ago • Homo habilis- tool makers, “handy man” • Lived between 2.2 and 1.6 mil years ago • Homo erectus- first user of fire • Larger brain capacity than habilis • Gave rise to earliest members of Homo sapiens • Appeared about 1.5 mil years ago • Homo sapiens- different types developed • Neanderthals • “archaic” type • Lived in family groups in shelters, buried dead • Appeard about 130,000yrs ago • Cro-Magnons • Later type Homo sapien • Skeleton and brain most like modern people • Behavioral and cultural changes (art) • Migrated to various parts of world • About 35,000mil yrs ago, replaced Neanderthals • Modern People

  3. Interpreting fossil record- large gap in record • DNA evidence human/ape split = 5-6 mil years ago • u human/ape split= 6 -12 mil years ago (however, few human like fossils) • Human evolutionary milestones • Erect stance • Enlarged brain • Prolonged period of parental care • Humans have not changed much biologically but out culture has changed enormously • First stage- scavenging, gathering, hunting • Agriculture- 10 -15,000 years ago • Industrial Revolution- 1700’s

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