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Human Evolution

Human Evolution. BIO 1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson. Animal Connection. Humans share many traits with animals We are most similar to apes Same 206 bones All but 3 of 650 muscles the same DNA is 98% the same Same blood types. Albino Gorilla.

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Human Evolution

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  1. Human Evolution BIO 1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Animal Connection • Humans share many traits with animals • We are most similar to apes • Same 206 bones • All but 3 of 650 muscles the same • DNA is 98% the same • Same blood types Albino Gorilla

  3. Why are we so similar to apes? • Modern apes and modern man share a common ancestor who lived about 7 million years ago

  4. Sequence of Human Evolution • Hundreds of fossils have been found • Some of the major fossils will be discussed in this presentation

  5. Australopithecus afarensis • 3.5 million years ago • Nicknamed Lucy • Walked upright • Small brain • Skeleton human like • Feet • Pelvis • Upright stance

  6. Comparative Anatomy Lucy Gorilla Human • Gorilla pelvis adapted for knuckle walking • Human pelvis adapted for upright walking • Lucy’s pelvis very similar to human pelvis

  7. Knuckle Walking • Requires an elongated pelvis and long arms

  8. Lucy’s pelvis allowed her to walk like a human instead of an ape.

  9. Fossilized Footprints • Footprints left when a a pair of Australopithecines walked in the ash of a recently erupted volcano

  10. Lucy Chimp Skull Anatomy • Thick brow ridges like a chimpanzee • Cranial capacity 400 cc. Chimp 350 cc. • Teeth similar to human teeth

  11. Lucy: A Transitional Fossil • Transitional fossil shows characteristics of two kinds of animals • Represent the transition from one organism to another • Ape characteristics • Skull • Cranial capacity • Human characteristics • Walked upright • Feet • Pelvis

  12. Australopithecus africanus • 2.8 million years ago • Cranial capacity 460 cc

  13. Homo habilis • Cranial capacity 630 cc • Flatter face than Australopithecines • Used tools • Nicknamed handy man

  14. Homo erectus • 1.8 million to 35,000 years ago • 1,000 cc cranial capacity • Large brow ridges • Sloping forehead • More advanced tools than H. habilis

  15. Homo erectus • Skeleton very similar to modern man • Used fire • Traveled • Fossils found in Africa, Europe, China, Indonesia

  16. Homo neanderthalensis • 200,000 to 25,000 years ago • Cranial capacity up to 1750 cc • Larger than modern man • No chin • Sloping forehead • Buried dead with tools and flowers

  17. Homo sapiens • 200,000 years ago to present • Photo is a skull 35,000 years old • 1400 cc cranial capacity • Vertical forehead • Pronounced chin

  18. Modern Homo sapiens • Small front teeth • Small brow ridges • Rounded cranium

  19. Homo neanderthalensis Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus africanus Homo erectus Homo habilis Common ancestor Modern apes Sequence of Human EvolutionOne of several possibilities Homo sapiens

  20. Evolution of Skull • Cranial capacity increases for a larger brain • Face become flatter • Brow ridges become smaller • Forehead becomes higher • Chin develops

  21. Sahelanthropus tchadensis • 6 to 7 million years ago • Flat face like Homo • Cranial capacity about the same as a chimp • Walked upright

  22. The End

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