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Intro to Stats

This guide provides an overview of frequency distributions in statistics, illustrating how to represent the frequency of scores. It outlines the steps for choosing class intervals, counting scores, and presenting the data in tables or figures. Additionally, it explains how to create histograms, frequency polygons, and other visual representations like bar graphs and line charts. The concepts of variability, skewness, and kurtosis are also discussed, enhancing the understanding of data distribution characteristics and trends.

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Intro to Stats

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Intro to Stats Graphing Data

  2. Frequency Distributions • Represents how often scores occur • Scores grouped into ranges of numbers • First, choose a class interval • Second, count the number of scores in each interval • Third, put the information in a table or figure

  3. Choose a Class Interval • A range of numbers to be used in a frequency distribution 1. Select class intervals that have meaning (A,B, etc. for grades) and/or easily interpreted numbers (5,10,20) 2. Select interval that will allow 10-20 to cover all data 3. Start list with multiple of interval (e.g., 0) 4. Largest interval is placed at the top of the frequency distribution

  4. Creating a Histogram • Visual representation of frequency distribution • The frequencies are the bars

  5. A Frequency Polygon

  6. Variability

  7. Skewness • Measure of lack of symmetry(a long tail) • Positive or negative in the direction of the tail • Mean > Median, then positive skew • Mean < Median, then negative skew

  8. Skewness

  9. Kurtosis • The flatness of the distribution • Platykurtic – flat relative to a bell • Leptokurtic – peaked relative to a bell

  10. Column Charts / Bar Graph • Used to compare the frequency of different categories • Categories on X, frequency/number on Y

  11. Line Charts / Line Graph • Used to show trends in the data

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