Glory of Greece

1. Glory of Greece

2. Philosophers • “Lovers of Wisdom” • Great thinkers • Rejected idea things happened because of gods • Study math, music, logic- Rational thinking

3. Sophists • Based in Athens • Became skilled in rhetoric • Rhetoric- skillful speaking • Success was more important than morals

4. Socrates • Wrote no books • Instead, spend his days questioning people • Socratic method- method of teaching that involves asking questions • Sought truth, self-knowledge • “The only thing I know is that I know nothing”

5. Socrates • Was considered a threat to accepted values and traditions • Was put on trial for corrupting youth/ disrespecting gods • Convicted by jury of 501 citizens • Accepted death penalty, drank cup of hemlock

6. Plato • Student of Socrates • Believed through reason, people could find morals and discover the best way to organize society • Founded the Academy- first institute of higher thinking in western world • Wrote The Republic • Did not trust democracy, as it put Socrates to death

7. The Republic • Plato believed state should regulate every aspect of citizen’s lives • Workers would supplied necessities, soldiers would protect the state, philosophers would be trained to rule • The wisest, a philosopher-king, would have ultimate authority

8. Aristotle • Student of Plato • Teacher of Alexander the Great • Analyzed all forms of government, found pros and cons with each • Decided best government had one strong, virtuous leader • Sought the “golden mean”, a moderate way of living • Moderation was the key to living the right way • Wrote on politics, logic, ethics, biology, and many other subjects

9. Greek Art

10. Greek Art • Parthenon- a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena • Like all Greek art, it emphasized beauty in balance • Other Greek artwork depicted humans in their perfect, ideal form

11. Greek Drama • Drama-a work intended for performance by actors on a stage • Evolved out of festivals in honor of the god Dionysus • Actors wore masks so those seated far away could understand actors’ emotions

13. Tragedy- told the tale of human suffering, usually ended in disaster • Comedy- humorous plays that mocked famous people or customs of the day

14. Historians • Herodotus- Was the first to go beyond listing names of rulers, or re-telling legends • Did research, collected information from lots of sources • Used word “historie”, or inquiry, to define his work • Considered “father of history” • Thucidides, a later historian, focused on avoiding bias in history • Bias- a preference towards a particular perspective, ideology or result

15. Hellenistic Achievements • Zeno- founder of Stoicism • Stoics avoided temptations and disappointments by accepting everything calmly • Preached high moral standards

16. Pythagoras • Developed a formula that expressed the ratio of sides in a right triangle • Pythagorean theorem

17. Astronomy • Hellenistic thinkers developed a heliocentric theory of the solar system • Heliocentric- sun-centered • Also determined earth was round • Calculated circumference

18. Archimedes • Used physics for practical inventions • Mastered lever and pulley

19. Hippocrates Considered the father of the modern study of medicine Hippocratic oath- taken by modern-day medical professionals, the oath takers swear to uphold medical ethics