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Pauline Literature

This syllabus offers a detailed examination of the Pauline letters, focusing on St. Paul's life, context, and theological insights. Led by Fr. Chris Shocklee, students will engage with key texts and undertake short papers that analyze the relationship between passages and their audiences. Topics covered include Pauline authorship, mission journeys, and exegetical methods, particularly focusing on letters such as Romans, Corinthians, and Ephesians. This course aims to deepen the understanding of Pauline literature within an academic framework.

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Pauline Literature

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  1. Pauline Literature Fr. Chris Shocklee, MA

  2. Syllabus • Course: Pauline Writings • Instructor: Fr. Chris Shocklee, MA • Contact info • Texts • Objectives • Assignments & Grades • Short Papers (next slide)

  3. Short Papers • 1-2 pages • Format • Introduction • When and to whom? • Relationship to audience • Context of passage/pericope • Explain its meaning (exegesis) • Apply its meaning • Sources – texts for the course • Topics • Note: Choice of Passage (encouraged not required)

  4. Course Format • Part 1 - Overview of Pauline Letters • Part 2 - More Thorough Analysis of Ephesians

  5. Topics for the Day • Biography of St. Paul • Introduction to Pauline Letters • 1st Thessalonians • Galatians • Introduction of Ephesians • Authorship, Date, & Community

  6. Biography – Paul of Tarsus • Birth • Saul of Tarsus • Born first decade A.D. • Jewish – tribe of Benjamin (same tribe as King Saul) • Pharisee • “Hebrew” (speaking) • Roman Citizen by Birth (Tarsus) • Greek Speaking • Tarsus – Mark Antony & Augustus grant citizenship • City of Education

  7. Youthful Years • Youth • Educated by Gamaliel (Acts 22:3) in Jerusalem • Gamaliel – member of the Sanhedrin (Acts 5:34ff) • School of Hillel (Pharisee) • (Other famous Gamaliel at Jamnia) • Still quotes the OT via the LXX • First Recorded Christian encounter • Martyrdom of St. Stephen (Acts 7:58ff) • A recognized Teacher • Authority for legal decisions (Acts 9:1-2, 22:4-5, 26:12) • Probably not officially a Rabbi (unmarried) (NJBC) • though possibly widowed

  8. Conversion • Conversion (Acts 9:1-19, 22:5-16, 26:12-18) • Road to Damscus • Bright Light • “Why are you persecuting Me?” • Left Blind • Damascus • Ananias • Vocation to the Gentiles • Withdraws to Arabia (Gal 1:17) • Begins to Preach in Damascus • Has to escape (Acts 9:23-25)

  9. Mission Begins • Missionary years • Spends time with “Cephas”/ “Peter” (Gal 1:18) • Circa 46 AD sent with Barnabas and begins to be called Paul (through remainder of Acts) (Acts 13:2,9) • Saul/Paul • Hebrew/Gentile name • Name for family / Name for outside (Gentile) world • Paul = Gentile name (mission to the Gentiles) • Change of name = change of mission in OT & NT

  10. 1st Missionary Journey

  11. 1st Missionary Journey • Begins and ends in Antioch • Timeframe 46-49 AD (est.) • Perga – Parting with John Mark • Stoned to death in Iconium • Cured a cripple in Lystra • Large response of the Gentiles (Acts 14:27) • Question raised: Need you be Jewish to be Christian? • Antioch (Peter vs Paul) (Gal 2:11-2) 49 AD • Leads to Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15:1-11) 49 AD

  12. 2nd Missionary Journey

  13. 2nd Missionary Journey • Going out further (AD 50-52) • Sets out with Silas • Joinedby Timothy at Lystra (Acts 16:1ff) • First convert in Philippi – Lydia (Acts 16:14f) • Imprisoned for exorcising “spirit of divination” (Acts 16:16ff) • Athens – Philosophers – unmoved • Corinth (more than a year) (Acts 18:1ff)

  14. 3rd Missionary Journey

  15. 3rd Missionary Journey • Circa 54 – 58 AD • Asia Minor • Ephesus (two years) (Acts 19:4ff) • Writes 1st Corinthians • Those making idols run him out of Ephesus (Acts 19:23ff)(silversmiths) • 2nd Corinthians, Romans • Heads to Jerusalem to help suffering Christians • Ephesus on the way

  16. Imprisonment • Rescued by Romans from Jewish crowd(Acts 21:27ff) • Sanhedrin (Pharisees vs Sadducees) (Acts 22:30ff) • Roman citizenship rights – trial in Caesarea • Felix (two years in prison, circa 58 – 60 AD) • Porcius Festus (successor), Paul appeals to Caesar • Sent to Rome • Rome • House arrest for years • Writes many of his letters • Possibly released for a time to be rearrested • Probably beheaded around 67 AD under Nero • Burial spot is where St. Paul-Outside-the-Walls now is

  17. Pauline Letters • Romans • 1st & 2nd Corinthians • Galatians • Ephesians • Philippians • Colossians • 1st & 2nd Thessalonians • 1st & 2nd Timothy • Titus • Philemon • (Hebrews)

  18. 1st Thessalonians • Earliest NT writing • AD 50 – 51 (When in Paul’s Life?) • Who are the Thessalonians • Thessalonica – trade city • Church founded by Paul, Silvanus, & Timothy (2nd MJ) • Forced out of the city by Jews • Timothy came back to follow up • Majority were Gentiles • Format of Letter • Greeting • Shared Memory & Purpose of the Letter • Exhortation • Conclusion/Farewell

  19. Chapter 1 • 1:1 “in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace.” • Thanksgiving • “your work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope” (faith, love, hope) • Turning away from Idols • Conversion

  20. Chapters 2 & 3 • Paul’s time in Thessalonica • “not as the word of men but as what it really is, the word of God” (2:13) • Time cut short • “For you are our glory and joy” • Timothy’s Report • “I sent that I might know your faith, for fear that somehow the tempter had tempted you and that our labor would be in vain” (3:5) • Blessing 3:11ff

  21. Chapter 4 • Purity, Love, & Labor • 4:3f “For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you abstain from immorality; that each one of you know how to control his own body* in holiness and honor” • 4:6 “wrong his brother” • 4:9-12 – loving and working to earn respect of outsiders • Coming of the Lord • Why were they concerned? • “God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep” 4:14 • Continues into Chapter 5, why?

  22. Chapter 5 • Coming of the Lord (cont.) • 5:1 – “the times and the seasons” • 5:2 – “the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night” • 5:5 – “sons of the light and sons of the day” • 5:8 – “breastplate of faith and love, and for a helmet the hope of salvation” • 5:11 – “encourage one another and build one another up” • Final Exhortation & Blessing • 5:16ff “Rejoice always, pray constantly, give thanks in all circumstances” • 5:23 “may your spirit and soul and body be kept sound and blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ” • 5:26 “Greet all the brethren with a holy kiss” • 5:28 “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.”

  23. Galatians • Early to mid 50’s AD • Galatian – ethnic and territorial term • Format (commentators disagree) (ICSB:NT) • Introduction 1:1-9 • Paul’s Apostolic Authority (1:10-2:21) • Paul’s Apostolic Gospel (3:1-4:31) • Christian Life & Liberty (5:1-6:10) • Conclusion (6:11-18)

  24. Chapter 1 • Introduction • 1:1 – “Paul an apostle” • 1:3 – “Grace to you and peace from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ” • 1:6 – “I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting him who called you in the grace of Christ and turning to a different gospel” • What’s missing from 1st Thessalonians? • What kind of tone does this set? • 1:9 – “If any one is preaching to you a gospel contrary to that which you received, let him be accursed.” • Paul an Apostle • 1:12 – “I did not receive it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came through a revelation of Jesus Christ” • 1:16f – “to reveal his Son to me” – “went away into Arabia” • 1:18 – “went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas” (Mt 16:18) • Why see Cephas?

  25. Chapter 2 • 2:1ff – the Gospel as open to the Gentiles • 2:10 “only they would have us remember the poor” • 2:11ff – Paul & Peter at Antioch • 2:15ff – “We ourselves … who know that a man is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ” – (Joint Declaration on Justification) • 2:21 “if justification were through the law, then Christ died to no purpose”

  26. Paul’s Apostolic GospelChapter 3 • 3:1 – “O Foolish Galatians” • 3:6 – “Abraham ‘believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness’” • 3:19 – “Why then the law?” • 3:24 – “So that the law was our custodian until Christ came, that we might be justified by faith” • 3:27 – “For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ” – Faith & Baptism? • 3:28 – neither Jew nor Greek, slave/free, male/female – “you are all one in Christ Jesus”

  27. Chapter 4 • We were children under the Law • What is the Law? NT usage: Law & Prophets? • OT in light of the NT • 4:5 – “so that we might receive adoption as sons.” • 4:7 – “So through God you are no longer a slave but a son, and if a son then an heir.” • 4:21ff – Hagar & Sarah – who? What? Why?

  28. Chapter 5 • 5:1 – “Christ has set us free; stand fast therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery.” • 5:6 – “For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is of any avail, but faith working through love.” • 5:12 – “I wish those who unsettle you would mutilate themselves” • 5:13 – “only do not use your freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love be servants of one another” • 5:15 – “but if you bite and devour one another take heed that you are not consumed by one another.” – (to chew/tear flesh) • 5:16ff – Flesh vs Spirit

  29. Chapter 6 • 6:9 – “let us not grow weary in well-doing, for in due season we shall reap, if we do not lose heart.” • 6:11ff – “I am writing to you with my own hand” • 6:18 – “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brethren”

  30. Ephesians • Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture • Midlevel commentary • Not heavy academic, not just reflection either • Heavier Commentaries • The Navarre Bible, Sacra Pagina, New Jerome Biblical Commentary, Anchor Bible Commentary

  31. Authorship • Principle: The held opinion holds weight • Burden of proof lies with those presenting a new view of authorship / dating • Questions raised: differences in vocabulary, style, and theology • Answers to these questions: use of scribes and Paul’s own educated background (see CCSS website) • Held opinion – St. Paul • Significance of the argument – effects on Interpretation and Protestant view of authority

  32. Paul’s Relationship to the Community • Three years (Acts 20:31) • 4th Largest city in Roman Empire • Artemis – main deity • Among others • Significant Jewish Community • Paul begins with the Jewish Community – why? • Significance of Paul having success with those practicing magic? (Acts 19:19)

  33. Ephesians • Not just those in Ephesus • Region around as well • Circular letter (encyclical) • Jews & Gentiles • Addresses the Gentiles particularly

  34. Format • Ch 1 – Greeting • Ch 1 – 3 – Content of Faith (indicative) • Ch 4 – 6 – Advice & Exhortation (imperative) • Ch 6 – Conclusion

  35. Themes • Christ – who He is, what He has done • Union with Christ –past, present, future connection to Christ • Christian Identity – Identity before / Identity after • Holy & Righteous conduct (define Holy? Righteous?) – Living the faith • The Church – Church as universal, Church asChrist’s body

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