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Preaching To The Spirits In Prison

Preaching To The Spirits In Prison. (1 Pet. 3:18-22 ). Paul’s Epistles.

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Preaching To The Spirits In Prison

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  1. Preaching To The Spirits In Prison (1 Pet. 3:18-22)

  2. Paul’s Epistles 2 Pet. 3:15-16:15and consider that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation—as also our beloved brother Paul, according to the wisdom given to him, has written to you, 16as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things, in which are some things hard to understand, which untaught and unstable people twist to their own destruction, as they do also the rest of the Scriptures. You, too Peter!!!

  3. A Difficult Passage Martin Luther: “This is a more wonderful text and a darker saying than almost any in the New Testament, so that I do not rightly know what St Peter means.” (Quoted in Anthony Hanson, “Salvation Proclaimed,” The Expository Times, Jan. 1982, 93:100)

  4. A Difficult Passage John Feinberg: “As one approaches the commentaries on this passage, he is met by a veritable maze of positions. Not only is there variation in understanding of the overall meaning of the passage, but there is also variety in interpretation of almost every element in it.” (“1 Peter 3:18-20, Ancient Mythology, And The Intermediate State,” Westminster Theological Journal, 1986, 48:306)

  5. A Difficult Passage R. T. France: “The whole passage has given rise to more monographs, additional notes, and excursuses than almost any other. Yet there is probably no more agreement about its exegesis now than there ever has been.” (“Exegesis In Practice: Two Samples,” New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Principles and Methods, 1977, 264)

  6. 1 Peter 3:18-20 NKJV:18For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, being put to death in theflesh but made alive by the Spirit, 19 by whom also He went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine longsuffering waited in the days of Noah…. NASB: 18For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit; 19in which also He went and made proclamation to the spirits now in prison, 20who once were disobedient, when the patience of God kept waiting in the days of Noah….

  7. 1 Peter 3:18-22

  8. The Context: SUFFERING • 3:14: But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed…. • 3:17: For it is better, if it is the will of God, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil. • 3:18: For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust…. • 4:1: Therefore, since Christ suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves also with the same mind, for he who has suffered in the flesh has ceased from sin,

  9. Interpretation MustFit Context R. T. France: “Our exegesis must then be consistent with this context. Verses 18-22 must have something relevant to say to those facing fierce hostility in the name of Christ. It is the fault of many interpretations of the passage that they ignore this requirement, and so accuse the author of inserting an irrelevant doctrinal digression in the middle of his exhortation.” (Bold emphasis added, “Exegesis In Practice: Two Samples,” New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Principles and Methods, 1977, 265-266)

  10. Important Questions • Who are the “spirits in prison”? • Who did the preaching? • When was this preaching done? • What was the content of this preaching? • Where was the prison? • What is the relevance to the context?

  11. Christ’s Suffering(1 Pet. 3:18) • Christ also suffered • Once • For sins (cf. Rom. 8:3) • The just for the unjust • Bring us to God • Put to death in the flesh

  12. Christ’s Triumph(1 Pet. 3:18-22) • Made alive in the spirit • In which • Also He went • Preached • Spirits in prison • Formerly were disobedient

  13. Flesh & Spirit(1 Pet. 3:18) • Jesus’ body vs. Jesus’ soul • Jesus’ body vs. Holy Spirit • Human nature vs. Divine nature • Physical realm vs. Spiritual realm

  14. Flesh & Spirit – Body & Soul • Mt. 26:41: “The spirit indeed is willing, but the fleshis weak.” (cf. Mk. 14:38) • Lk. 24:39: “…a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see I have.” • Jn 3:6: That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. • 2 Cor. 7:1: “…let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit.”

  15. Flesh & Spirit – Body & HS • Jn 3:6: That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. • Gal. 5:16-17: 16…Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. 17For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; • Gal. 6:8: For he who sows to his flesh will of the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will of the Spirit reap everlasting life.

  16. Flesh & Spirit:Physical & Spiritual Realms • Gal. 3:3: Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now being made perfect by the flesh? • Gal. 4:29: But, as he who was born according to the flesh then persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, even so it is now. • 1 Tim. 3:16: …God was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the Spirit,

  17. Put To Death Vs. Made Alive(1 Pet. 3:18) • Physical death vs. Vivification • Physical death vs. Resurrection

  18. Translating The Dative Case(1 Pet. 3:18) • Either: “by [the] flesh” and “by [the] Spirit” • Or: “in [the] flesh” and “in [the] spirit” (cf. ASV, NASB, RSV, NRSV, YLT) • Not: “in [the] flesh” and “by [the] Spirit” (cf. KJV, NKJV)

  19. Translating The Datives(1 Pet. 3:18) Wayne Grudem: “It would…be somewhat unusual if the same grammatical structure used in parallel parts of the same sentence were meant to be understood differently (i.e. put to death in the body but made alive by the Spirit).” (“1 Peter,” Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 226)

  20. “In Which” • “In which” is a relative pronoun referring to “spirit” • “In which” • “By which” • “In whom” • “By whom” • “In which” means “on which occasion” “spirit” “spiritual realm” “(Holy) Spirit”

  21. “Also He Went” • Christ’s preexistence (1 Pet. 1:10-11) • Christ’s descent to Hades (Lk. 23:43; Acts 2:25-32) • Christ’s ascension (Mk. 16:19; Lk. 24:50-51; Acts 1:9-11; 2:33)

  22. “Preached”(kerusso) The Gospel Other Things • Repentance(Mt. 3:1-2) • Gospel of kingdom (Mt. 4:23) • Kingdom of heaven (Mt. 10:7) • Liberty(Lk. 4:18) • Kingdom of God (Lk. 9:2) • Christ(Acts 8:5) • Word(Acts 10:37) • Secrets (Lk. 12:3) • Healings(Mk. 1:45) • Moses(Acts 15:21) • Moral principle(Rom. 2:21) • Another Jesus (2 Cor. 11:4) • Circumcision (Gal. 5:11) • Question(Rev. 5:2)

  23. “Prison”(phulake) • Ignorance & sin • Physical body • Hades • Tartarus • Lower heavens

  24. Christian’s Attitude(1 Pet. 4:1-6) • The Attitude Christians Should Adopt (4:1) • The Christians’ Former Life In Sin (4:2-3) • The Reaction Of Unbelievers To The Christian’s New Life (4:4) • The Judgment Of These Unbelievers (4:5) • The Preaching Of The Gospel To The Dead (4:6)

  25. Interpretations Of1 Pet. 3:18-20 EnochPreached In The Underworld

  26. Enoch • Translated &did not see death (Gen. 5:24; Heb. 11:5) • Prophesied about ungodly false teachers (Jude 3-4, 12-15) • Preached to fallen angels(1 Enoch 12:1-6; 13:1-10; 14:1-8; 16:1-4) • 1 Enoch serves as the background

  27. An Emended Text “But, a number of modern scholars have followed Griesbach’s conjecture that the original text was either Nōe kai (Noah also), or Enōch kai (Enoch also), or en hōi kai Enōch (in which Enoch also) which an early scribe misunderstood or omitted Enōch kai in copying homoioteleuton).” (Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament, 6:116-117)

  28. Enoch Preached Moffatt: “18Christ himself died for sins, once for all, a just man for unjust men, that he might bring us near to God; in the flesh he was put to death but he came to life in the Spirit 19(It was in the Spirit that Enoch also went and preached to the imprisoned spirits who had disobeyed at the time when God’s patience held out during the construction of the ark in the days of Noah….”

  29. Enoch Preached Goodspeed: “18For Christ himself died once for all, for sin, an upright man for unrighteous men, to bring us to God, and was physically put to death, but he was made alive in the Spirit. 19In it Enoch went and preached even to those spirits that were in prison, who had once been disobedient, when in Noah’s time God in his patience waited for the ark to be made ready….”

  30. Interpretations Of1 Pet. 3:18-20 Christ Preached In Limbo

  31. Interpretations Of1 Pet. 3:18-20 Christ Preached Through The Apostles

  32. Chronological Sequence • Death:“put to death in the flesh” (3:18) • Vivification or Resurrection: “made alive in the spirit” (3:18b) • Descent or Ascension: “He went” (3:19) • Preaching:“preached to the spirits in prison” (3:21) • Ascension: “who has gone into heaven” (3:22a) • Coronation: “at the right hand of God” (3:22b)

  33. Interpretations Of1 Pet. 3:18-20 Christ Preached In Hades

  34. Flesh & Spirit • Mt 26:41:41…The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” (Mk. 14:38) • Lk 24:39: 39 …Handle Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see I have.” • Jn 3:6: 6That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. • 2 Cor. 7:1:1Therefore, having these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

  35. Spirit = Soul • Lk 23:46: 46…“Father, ‘into Your hands I commit My spirit.’” (cf. Acts 7:59) • Heb 12:9:9…Shall we not much more readily be in subjection to the Father of spirits and live? • Num. 16:22:22…“O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and You be angry with all the congregation?” • Num. 27:16:16“Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all flesh, set a man over the congregation,

  36. Spirit = Disembodied Soul • Eccl. 12:7: Then the dust will return to the earth as it was, And the spirit will return to God who gave it. • Heb 12:23: to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are registered in heaven, to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of just men made perfect, • Cf. Rev. 6:9; 20:4

  37. The Dead Go ToSheol or Hades • 1 Sam. 2:6: “The Lord kills and makes alive; He brings down to Sheol and raises up. • Psa. 89:48: What man can live and not see death? Can he deliver his soul from the power of Sheol? Selah. • Pr 9:18: 18But he does not know that the dead are there, That her guests are in the depths of Sheol.

  38. The Dead Go ToSheol or Hades • Isa. 14:9: “Sheol from beneath is excited over you to meet you when you come; It arouses for you the spirits of the dead, all the leaders of the earth; It raises all the kings of the nations from their thrones. • Lk. 16:23: 23“In Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torment, and saw Abraham far away and Lazarus in his bosom.

  39. The Ungodly AreReserved For Punishment • 2 Pet. 2:9: then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment, • The king of Babylon (Isa. 14:15ff) • The rich man (Lk. 16:22-23)

  40. Conscience Existence(Lk. 16:19-31) • Feeling (vv. 23-25, 28) • Sight (v. 23) • Speech (v. 24) • Movement (v. 24) • Taste (v. 24) • Memory(v. 25) • Desire (v. 26) • Concern (vv. 27-28) • Reasoning (vv. 29-31)

  41. Christ Went ToSheol or Hades • Psa. 16:10: For You will not abandon my soul to Sheol; Nor will You allow Your Holy One to undergo decay. • Acts 2:27:For You will not leave my soul in Hades, Nor will You allow Your Holy One to see corruption. • Acts 2:31: he, foreseeing this, spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ, that His soul was not left in Hades, nor did His flesh see corruption.

  42. Gospel Preached To The Dead 1 Pet. 4:6: For this reason the gospel was preached also to those who are dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit.

  43. The Syriac Peshito 1 Peter 3:19: “And He preached (there) to the souls who were shut up in Sheol, those who had before been disobedient in the days of Noah.” (Quoted in Reicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, 34)

  44. The “Church Fathers” B. C. Caffin: “The early Greek Fathers appear to have held, with one consent, that Peter is here speaking of that descent into Hades of which He had spoken in His first great sermon (Acts ii:31).” (“1 Peter,” The Pulpit Commentary, 22:135)

  45. Christ’s Preaching In Hades • The gospel • Release of righteous • Condemnation • Victory and Judgment

  46. Righteous In Heaven • “Receive my spirit” (Acts 7:55-56, 59) • To die is to “be with the Lord” (Phil. 1:23) • “Absent from the body” – “present with the Lord” (2 Cor. 5:6-8) • “Spirits of just men made perfect” (Heb. 12:22-24) • Righteous dead in heaven (Rev. 6:9-11; 7:9-10, 13-17; 15:1-4) • Jesus will bring righteous with Him (1 Th. 3:11-13; 4:13-14)

  47. “Made Alive”(zoopoieo) • Resurrection from the dead (Jn. 5:21a; Rom. 8:11; 1 Cor. 15:22) • Giving spiritual life to those dead in sin (Jn. 5:21b; 6:63; 2 Cor. 3:6; Gal. 3:21) • Quickening Abraham’s body to beget Isaac [?] (Rom. 4:17) • The sprouting of a seed (1 Cor. 15:36) • The giving of life (1 Tim. 6:13)

  48. “Spirits” = Human Souls??? J. Ramsey Michaels: “A human being may have a spirit (i.e., a soul, or the life within a person; cf. e.g., Matt 27:50; Luke 23:46; John 19:30; Acts 7:59), but it is not normally said that one is a spirit, much less that a group of human beings collectively are ‘spirits’ ….” (“1 Peter,” Word Biblical Commentary, 49:207)

  49. “Spirits” = Human Souls??? Gary L. Knapp: ”Elsewhere in the NT, however, when Gk. pneumata occurs alone and unqualified, it never refers to human beings…. Thus He. 12:23 affords little support for this view, since in this verse pneumata is qualified and has an unequivocal human reference. Also, 1 Pet. 3:20 uses Gk. psyche, not pneuma, for human beings.” (ISBE, Rev. Ed., 3:976)

  50. The Spirits & The Dead 1 Peter 3:19 1 Peter 4:6 • “Spirits”(pneuma) • “Preached” (kerusso) • “Dead”(necros) • “Preached” (euangelizo)

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