1. ‘Untitled’ By Qila Gill

2. Formalism • Formalism dictates that works of art are exclusively self-referential and encrypted. This principle enables the formalist artist to justify rationally the evasion of responsibility for his or her art.

3. Formalist approach • . Film, say formalists, is artificial and creative; it favors the pleasure principle.They treat the frame as two-dimensional; the mise-en-scène expresses the vision of the director. • Through editing they present fragmented space and time.

4. Loie Fuller • She displays innovative experiments mixing lightning, scenic elements and dance. • She is acknowledged by modern dance history because of her great contribution in new possibilities of scenic illusion, thanks to the use of the development of electricity. • “does not give us a figure described in a unique movement but the continuity of the movement which describes the figure” • Danse Serpentine

5. Maya Deren • belief that the camera captures reality, but suggests that manipulating this reality through special effects creates its own truth. - A study in choreography of camera • Nine Variations on dance theme by Hilary Harris

6. Jo Ann Kaplan • ONE TWO THREE, 2010 - An intense and compelling performance of a cinematic dance composed of modules of movement finally choreographed through camera work and editing, in which the tension between two dancers evokes the qualities of both duet and duel, posed ambiguously at the binaries between embrace and battle, intimacy and violence. The shifting frame of the camera and the uneasy rhythm of the editing takes the viewer from the close up tensile of stretched muscle and blurred movement to an austere framing of the dancers isolated within a shadowy and empty space.