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The Middle Colonies, including Pennsylvania and New York, showcased a rich tapestry of cultures with Swedish, Dutch, German, and English settlers claiming land in the Delmarva area. In the 1670s, England took control, and by 1681, Charles II granted Pennsylvania to William Penn, a Quaker advocating for religious freedom, women’s rights, and early abolitionism. Philadelphia emerged as a vibrant city due to its location on the Delaware River. New York, originally New Amsterdam, became a bustling commercial hub, emphasizing tolerance and diverse nationalities, solidifying its status as a major port.
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The Middle Colonies Pennsylvania A. Swedish (sparsely settled), Dutch, Germans and English all establish colonies and claim the Delmarva area B. England gains control in the 1670s
C. In 1681 Charles II grants land to William Penn • 1. Named in the grant Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woods) • 2. Main city is Philadelphia (City of Brotherly Love) • 3. Penn is a Quaker
D. Quakerism believes in freedom of religion, women’s rights and will be some of the first to oppose slavery • E. Philly’s openness and location on the Delaware River make it popular
II. New York • A. Claimed by the Dutch in 1609 as New Amsterdam (part of New Netherland) • B. As with Penn. It is taken by England in the 1670s
C. New York keeps the Dutch idea that its main purpose is commerce • 1. It makes it tolerant toward nationalities and religions • 2. It becomes the nation’s busiest port and at points in its history the busiest port in the world