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The Slave Trade. Trade in Human Beings. In the 1400’s, there was little interest in slaves. Not until the colonization of America were there an interest in slaves. Why were slaves an hot interest at this time? Native Americans were originally used however, many died from exhaustion.
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Trade in Human Beings • In the 1400’s, there was little interest in slaves. • Not until the colonization of America were there an interest in slaves. • Why were slaves an hot interest at this time? • Native Americans were originally used however, many died from exhaustion.
Slavery in Africa • Slavery had existed since ancient times. • Most were people captured in war • Others sold themselves into slavery during times of famine. • “A slave who knows how to serve inherits his master’s property.”
Atlantic Slave Trade • The Slave Trade: • 60,000 Africans a year packed into slave ships. • The “Middle Passage” was the trip between Europe, Africa and North America. • Many tried to have rebellions stopped by slave traders, others tried to jump over the boats and drowned and many died from disease. • Many Africans were looked at as inferior. • Many Europeans used “scientific proof” to justify this behavior. • Slave Traders gave different tribes guns in exchange for rounding up slaves.
Ending the Slave Trade • Abolitionist Movements start to take form in the 1700s. • (Movement to end slavery.) • The Quakers were the 1st supporters of the movement. • In 1807, Britain was the 1st nation to outlaw slavery. • The slave trade went underground as an illegal business.
Effects of the Slave Trade • Effects: • Encouraged wars • Increased tensions in societies • Economic disasters • Empires in the East thrived because of the slave trade. • African Diaspora. (Spreading/Assimilation of Culture.)
Slavery in America(Pre-American Revolution) Mr. Holmes African-American Studies
Guided QuestionsPlease Copy • How did black servitude develop in the Chesapeake? • What role did indentured servitude play in the early economy of the Chesapeake colonies? • What economic and demographic developments led to the enslavement of people of African descent n the British colonies?
Africans in Jamestown • Around 1619 the first Africans arrive from Angola. • The colony inhabits regarded the Angolans as “unfree” but not slaves for two reasons. • What do you think the difference would be? • 1) The English had no law allowing slavery. • 2) Many Angolans converted as Christians as thus could not be enslaved. • An “unfree” slave worked until the price that was paid for them was paid in full.
Africans in Jamestown • During the following years, people of African descent remained a small minority in the expanding Virginia colony. • The English now call African-Americans negroes. (Black in Spanish.)
Black Servitude in the Chesapeake • From 1620 to 1670, many African-Americans worked with many whites and Native Americans as indentured servants. • As demand for labor to produce tobacco expanded and many adults sold their freedom to become indentured servants for the chance to get to North America. • Many African-Americans entered into similar contracts for a chance at making money. • What do you think is the downside of indentured servitude?
Life in the Chesapeake • If indentured servants survived, they were often offered a better life. • Many could own land, farm, lent money, sue in court, serve as jurors and town officials, and vote. • After 1630, we have the start of slave laws. Many of the British elite believed that blacks should not receive the same rights as whites. • In 1660, the British institute chattel slavery which makes blacks legally private property.
Origins of Black Slavery • The U.S. colonies make a major shift economically and politically. • Work is moving from indentured white servants to black slaves. • 1) Many poor whites were unwilling to work as indentured servants. • 2) The slave trade was becoming more profitable. • More manual labor is given to blacks because they were viewed as inferior.
White Servants Women did more domestic jobs. May be able to bear arms. May become Christian. Black Servants Women worked in the tobacco fields with men. By 1640 could not bear arms. May not become Christian. Duties of a servant
The transformation to slavery • Between the 1660s and 1700s the government moves into extensive chattel slavery programs. • Children of black female servants would be servants for life. • It became the assumption that servitude was the natural conditions for blacks. • Slave codes enacted in 1660 and 1710 stopped the following: testify in court, own property, marry, bear arms, congregate in groups of three or more, or enter into contracts.
Bacon’s Rebellion • Events are coming to a head as blacks are moving more and more to slavery. • Nathaniel Bacon was an English aristocrat who formed a group of many poor whites to fight the colonies government and resources. • Bacon also appealed to black slaves to join his cause. • Before the rebellion could start, Bacon died and his uprising collapsed. • White farm owners feared what could have happened if the rebellion succeeded. So, they decided to stop using white indentured servants who could get guns and switch to black slaves who were not legally able to use them.
