Kidney Stones Causes, Symptoms and treatment options

1. Kidney stones Symptoms, causes, types & treatment Dr. Saket Narnoli www.dhanbadurologist.com

2. How common are kidney stones? Kidney stones are a relatively common medical condition, affecting approximately 1 in 10 people during their lifetime, with higher prevalence in certain populations.

3. What is a kidney stone? • A kidney stone is a solid mineral and salt deposit that forms in the kidneys. These stones can vary in size and composition, consisting of minerals like calcium, oxalate, or uric acid. • They can cause severe pain and other symptoms when they obstruct the urinary tract, leading to complications.

4. Types of kidney stones? Calcium Oxalate Stones: The most common type, formed when calcium combines with oxalate. Calcium Phosphate Stones: Composed of calcium and phosphate minerals. Uric Acid Stones: Formed when there's an excess of uric acid in the urine, often associated with conditions like gout. Struvite Stones: Typically caused by urinary tract infections and consist of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Cystine Stones: Rare and caused by a genetic condition called cystinuria, resulting in the buildup of cystine in the urine.

5. Causes of kidney stones • Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake can lead to concentrated urine, making it easier for minerals to crystallize and form stones. • Family History: A family history of kidney stones can increase your susceptibility. • Obesity: Excess body weight can lead to changes in urinary patterns and increase the risk of stone formation. • Medical Conditions: Conditions like gout, urinary tract infections, and certain metabolic disorders can promote stone development. • Medications: Some medications, like diuretics and antacids, can affect urinary chemistry and potentially lead to stone formation. • Age and Gender: Men are more prone to kidney stones, and the risk tends to increase with age.

6. Symptoms of kidney stones severe pain on either side of your lower back more vague pain or stomachache that doesn't go away blood in the urine nausea or vomiting fever and chills difficulty passing urine urine that smells bad or looks cloudy

7. Treatments for kidney stones • The treatment for a kidney stone depends on: • The size of the stone • The type of stone • If the stone is causing you pain • If the stone is blocking your urinary tract Lithotripsy Ureteroscopy Surgery Lithotripsy treatment uses shock waves to break up the kidney stone into small pieces. During a ureteroscopy, a doctor inserts a long tube-like tool into your ureter to take out the stone (if it is small) or break the stone into small pieces During the surgery, a doctor will insert a tube into your kidney to remove the stone.

8. prevention kidney stones Drink enough fluids every day. Eight to twelve cups of fluid per day is enough for most people. If you have kidney disease and need to limit fluids, ask your doctor how much fluid you should have each day. Limit your sodium (salt) and animal protein such as meat and eggs. If your doctor can find out what your kidney stone is made of, they may give you a specific eating plan to help prevent future kidney stones. Take all of your prescription medicines as your doctor tells you to treat health problems that may make kidney stones more likely for you.

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