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Dive into the fundamentals of meteorology, from Hadley cells to weather analysis techniques. Explore topics like air masses, cyclones, thunderstorms, and hurricanes, and understand the intricacies of weather forecasting. Gain insights into the National Weather Service's forecast products and the differences between deterministic and probabilistic forecasting methods. Uncover the reasons behind forecasting errors and the role of human versus computer forecasts in predicting weather patterns accurately.
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Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 8 - General circulation - Hadley cell, trade winds, doldrums, ITCZ… - Semi-permanent high, low pressure cells, and monsoons - Jet stream, seasonal changes in the jet stream - Small-scale circulation patterns: land/sea breezes, valley/mountain breezes, Chinook/Santa Ana winds - ENSO – Phases and local teleconnections
Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 9 - Air masses and fronts/dry lines - Different types of air masses, how they form, and their characteristics - Different types of fronts, and the differences between them - Dry lines, and how they differ from fronts - Difficulties in identifying fronts
Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 10 - Mid-latitude cyclones - The life cycle (3 stages), their characteristics - The causes of cyclones - The 3-D structure and their relationship to the jet stream - Preferred U.S. cyclone tracks
Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 11 - Thunderstorms - Different types of lightning, lightning safety, U.S. lightning distribution - Thunder – what is it and how does it occur - Different types of thunderstorms and their characteristics (including severe vs. non-severe) - Downbursts – what are they, how they form, their dangers to aircraft, different types - Tornadoes, how they form, their characteristics, where and when they occur
Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 11 - Thunderstorms Cont’d - Tornado classification, tornado safety - Severe t-storm/tornado watches and warnings, their characteristics, and the differences between the - Severe weather forecasting
Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 12 - Hurricanes - Hurricane formation, structure, essential ingredients, and characteristics - Where and when do hurricanes occur, and what happens at landfall and why - Hurricane/tropical storm/tropical depression classification - The destructive forces of hurricanes - Hurricane forecasts, trends in hurricane activity
Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 13 - Weather Analysis and Forecasting - National Weather Service and their forecast products - Forecasts vs. nowcasts - Deterministic vs. probabilistic forecasting - Why do weather forecasts go wrong? - Human vs. computer forecasts