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Chapter 1 The Study of Life

Chapter 1 The Study of Life. Section 1: Introduction to Biology. Section 2: The Nature of Science. Section 3: Methods of Science. The Study of Life. Chapter 1. 1.1 Introduction to Biology. Biology —the science of life. Study origins and history of life and once-living things.

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Chapter 1 The Study of Life

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  1. Chapter 1 The Study of Life Section 1: Introduction to Biology Section2: The Nature of Science Section 3: Methods of Science

  2. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Biology—the science of life • Study origins and history of life and once-living things • Study structures of living things • Study how living things interact w/ one another • Study how living things function

  3. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology The Eight Characteristics of Life - know these! Made of one or more cells Shows growth Develops Reproduces Responds to stimuli Requires energy Maintains homeostasis Adaptations evolve over time

  4. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology • Living things made of one or more cells. • Cells are basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

  5. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Displays Organization • Living things also display organization, which means are arranged in orderly way. • cells are organized into groups that work together called tissues. • Tissues are organized into organs. • Organ systems work together to support an organism.

  6. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Grows and Develops • Growth results in adding mass to an organism and forming of new cells and new structures.

  7. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Reproduces • species - group of organisms can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.

  8. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Responds to Stimuli • Anything part of internal or external environments • causes reaction by organism is a stimulus. Venus flytrap • Reaction to a stimulus is a response.

  9. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Requires Energy • Living things get energy from food. • Plants use light energy from Sun to make food for activities. • Organisms that cannot make own food get energy by consuming other organisms.

  10. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Maintains Homeostasis • Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life is homeostasis.

  11. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Adaptations Evolve Over Time • Adaptation - any inherited characteristic that results from changes to species over time. Ex. Haeckel's Theory The theory that stages in an embryonic development correspond to the stages of evolutionary development of the species.

  12. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to Biology Interactive Tutor game – click here

  13. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science What is science? • Science - body of knowledge based on study of nature. • Essential characteristics, of science is scientific inquiry, or questions • Scientific inquiry is creative process and uses and unbiased observations and experiments.

  14. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Uses Scientific Theory • theory is explanation of natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time. • The results are always the same.

  15. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Expands Scientific Knowledge • Research results are constantly reevaluated to be sure that what we know is TRUE. • leads to new knowledge that scientists then study again and again.

  16. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Challenges Accepted Theories • Scientists welcome debate about one another’s ideas. • Sciences advance by accepting new information as it is discovered.

  17. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Questions Results • Observations or data are not consistent with current scientific understanding are of interest to scientists. • inconsistencies often lead to more experiments

  18. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Tests Claims • Conclusions are reached from the evidence.

  19. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Undergoes Peer Review • Before it is made public, science information is reviewed by scientists’ peers. • Peer review - procedures and results in experiment are evaluated by other scientists who are in same field, or are conducting similar research.

  20. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Uses Metric System • Scientists can repeat the work of others as part of a new experiment. • The metric system uses units with divisions that are powers of ten.

  21. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 The Nature of Science Science in Everyday Life • Ethical issues must be addressed by society based on values it holds important.

  22. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science – click for BrainPop movie Ask a Question • Scientific inquiry begins with observation. • asking questions from a variety of reliable sources.

  23. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Form a Hypothesis • hypothesis - testable explanation of a situation. • When hypothesis is supported by data from additional investigations, usually considered valid • is accepted by scientific community.

  24. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Collect the Data • When biologist conducts experiment, s/he investigates a question in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis.

  25. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Controlled Experiments • control group - group used for comparison. • experimental group -group exposed to factor being tested.

  26. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Experimental Design • Independent variable—only 1 factor in controlled experiment can change at a time. • Dependent variable—results from or depends on changes to independent variable. Dependent and Independent Variables

  27. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Data Gathering • Data—information gained from observations. • Quantitative data can be measurements of time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, density, or other factors. • Qualitative data are descriptions of what our senses detect.

  28. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Analyze the Data • A graph of data makes a pattern easier to “see”. • Even when hypothesis has not been supported, it is valuable.

  29. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Methods of Science Report Conclusions • If peer reviewers agree, then paper is published for review by the public and use by other scientists.

  30. The Study of Life Chapter 1

  31. The Study of Life Chapter 1 Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh.com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

  32. The Study of Life Answer: Using the same system of measurements allows a scientist to repeat another’s work knowing that he or she is performing the experiments exactly the same. Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Why is the metric system preferred by scientists?

  33. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 CDQ 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions What is a testable explanation? observation hypothesis experiment constant

  34. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 CDQ 3 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not a characteristic of all organisms? made of one or more cells grows and develops capable of rational thought maintains homeostasis

  35. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 1 1.1 Formative Questions What area of science takes scientific knowledge and applies it to meet human needs? exploration dynamics physics technology

  36. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 2 1.1 Formative Questions What is the process of change that takes place during the life of an organism? adaptation development growth maturation

  37. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 3 1.1 Formative Questions Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent? acquiring energy adapting to the environment displaying organization responding to stimuli

  38. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 4 1.1 Formative Questions What process regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable? adaptation equilibrium homeostasis metabolism

  39. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 5 1.2 Formative Questions What is a theory? a body of knowledge about a natural phenomenon a creative tool for designing investigations a scientific inquiry that seeks to provide an explanation an explanation supported by observations and experiments

  40. The Study of Life A B Chapter 1 FQ 6 1.2 Formative Questions Scientists discard observations and data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding. true false

  41. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 7 1.2 Formative Questions A scientist wants to report the findings from her investigations. Before her information can be published, what must it go through? forensics peer review scientific methods the metric system

  42. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 8 1.2 Formative Questions What do issues such as AIDS, global warming, genetic engineering, and cloning have in common? They involve ethics. They involve forensics. They must be addressed by scientists. They require the metric system.

  43. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 9 1.3 Formative Questions When you form a logical conclusion based on your observations and what you already know, what are you making? a conjecture an inference a speculation a theory

  44. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 10 1.3 Formative Questions What is a hypothesis? a defined question a curious assumption a tested inference a testable explanation

  45. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 FQ 11 1.3 Formative Questions What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery? accidental anticipated ingenious whimsical

  46. The Study of Life A B Chapter 1 FQ 12 1.3 Formative Questions In order for scientific experiments to be valid, they must be based on scientific methods that use controlled experiments. true false

  47. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 CAQ 1 Chapter Assessment Questions Identify the term used to describe an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observation and experimentation. forensics natural law theory physics

  48. The Study of Life A B C D Chapter 1 CAQ 2 Chapter Assessment Questions In a controlled experiment, which factor can change? control group experimental group dependent variable independent variable

  49. The Study of Life Chapter 1 CAQ 3 Chapter Assessment Questions Look at the figure below. Why is scientific data often displayed in graphs?

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