1 / 51

Understanding Cellular Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes

Cellular respiration is the biological process that converts food molecules, particularly 6-carbon sugars, into usable energy. This process occurs mainly in the mitochondria of cells and involves two primary types: aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and consists of glycolysis, the breakdown of pyruvic acid, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, yielding up to 36 ATP molecules. Alternatively, anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, leading to processes like lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation, generating only 2 ATP molecules.

uta-price
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Cellular Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Respiration

  2. Respiration • Respiration the process by which food molecules are broken down • Food molecules are 6-carbons sugars • You take in food which is digested and broken down into 6-carbon sugars • Plants can’t “eat” so they make 6-carbon sugars with photosynthesis • Mitochondria then transform the “food energy” into chemical energy

  3. Respiration • A 6-carbon sugar contains an enormous amount of energy (for a cell) • Mitochondria “make change” energetically • Take the energy in a sugar and convert it into more conveniently-sized packages

  4. Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Carbohydrate Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water

  5. Respiration • Aerobic respiration: processes that require oxygen in order to take place • Anaerobic respiration: processes that do not require oxygen

  6. Aerobic Respiration • Step 1: Glycolysis • Step 2:Breakdown of pyruvic acid • Step 3: Citric acid cycle • Step 4: Electron transport chain

  7. Respiration CYTOPLASM: Glycolysis Outer membrane MATRIX: Breakdown of pyruvic acid, Citric acid cycle INNER MEMBRANE: Electron transport chain

  8. Step 1: Glycolysis • Occurs in cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen • Involves splitting a glucose (6-carbon sugar) into 2 3-carbon molecules: pyruvic acid

  9. Step 1: Glycolysis • Also produces H+ ions and energizes electrons which are captured by NAD+, forming NADH + H+

  10. Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose

  11. Step 1: Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 ADP Glucose

  12. Step 1: Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 ADP P Glucose P 2 PGAL

  13. Step 1: Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 ADP 4ADP + 4 Pi 4ATP P Glucose 2NADH + 2H+ 2 NAD+ P 2 PGAL

  14. Step 1: Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 ADP 4ADP + 4 Pi 4ATP P Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid 2NADH + 2H+ 2 NAD+ P 2 PGAL

  15. Step 1: Glycolysis • Net yeild • 2 ATP (uses 2, produces 4) • 2 NADH • 2 pyruvic acid

  16. Aerobic Respiration • Step 1: Glycolysis • Step 2:Breakdown of pyruvic acid • Step 3: Citric acid cycle • Step 4: Electron transport chain

  17. Step 2: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid • Occurs when pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) enters the mitochondrial matrix • Requires oxygen • If there is no oxygen present pyruvic acid enters fermentation

  18. Step 2: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid • Involves breaking CO2 off pyruvic acid • Remaining portion of pyruvic acid combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA

  19. Step 2: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid • Also produces H+ and energizes electrons which are captured by NAD+, to form NADH + H+

  20. Step 2: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid Mitochondrial membrane To citric acid cycle “Exhaled”

  21. Step 2: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid • Net yeild • 2 NADH • Acetyl-CoA

  22. Aerobic Respiration • Step 1: Glycolysis • Step 2:Breakdown of pyruvic acid • Step 3: Citric acid cycle • Step 4: Electron transport chain

  23. Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle • Occurs in mitochondrial matrix • Acetyl-CoA is transformed into citric acid through a series of reactions

  24. Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle • More ATP and CO2 are produced • More H+ are produced and electrons are energized • NAD+ and FAD capture them to form NADH + H+ and FADH

  25. Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle 4C 6C – Citric acid CITRIC ACID CYCLE 5C

  26. Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle • Net yield • 2 ATP • 6 NADH • 2 FADH2

  27. Aerobic Respiration • Step 1: Glycolysis • Step 2:Breakdown of pyruvic acid • Step 3: Citric acid cycle • Step 4: Electron transport chain

  28. Step 4: Electron Transport Chain • Happens on inner membrane of mitochondria • Occurs only if oxygen is present • Oxygen is final electron acceptor • If no oxygen is present reaction stops

  29. Step 4: Electron Transport Chain • Electrons come from NADH and FADH molecules which gathered them during glycolysis and CTA • Energy from electrons is used to add Pi to ADP, forming ATP • At the end of the chain, oxygen accepts the electrons and combines with 2 H+ ions to form water

  30. Step 4: Electron Transport Chain Outer mitochondrial membrane Electron transport chain Cytochromes Inter- membrane space Cytochromes Inner mitochondrial membrane

  31. Step 4: Electron Transport Chain • Net yeild • 32 ATP

  32. Aerobic Respiration • Step 1: Glycolysis • Step 2:Breakdown of pyruvic acid • Step 3: Citric acid cycle • Step 4: Electron transport chain

  33. Aerobic Respiration ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP Citric acid cycle 2 ATP Electron transport chain **32 **Makes ATP from electrons carried to it from the first 3 steps

  34. Aerobic Respiration ATP Makes 36

  35. Anaerobic Respiration • Pyruvic acid molecules are still formed through glycolysis • Broken down differently: • No ATP is produced after glycolysis • NAD+ is regenerated so glycolysis can continue

  36. Anaerobic Respiration • 2 types: • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation

  37. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic acid is end product • Occurs when muscles require energy at a faster rate than it can be supplied through aerobic respiration • Causes burning sensation in muscles

  38. Lactic Acid Fermentation Glycolysis Glycolysis

  39. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  40. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Net yield • 2 ATP

  41. Alcoholic Fermentation • Ethyl alcohol and CO2 are end products • Occurs in organisms that live in environments lacking oxygen • Source of bubbles in beer and champagne and causes baking bread to rise

  42. Alcoholic Fermentation Glycolysis Glycolysis

  43. Alcoholic Fermentation Glycolysis 2 CO2 2 Ethanol

  44. How many ATP does aerobic respiration produce? How many ATP does fermentation produce? Comparison of Aerobic Respriation and Fermentation 36 ATP 2 ATP

  45. WE’RE DONE!!!!

  46. Step 1: Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 ADP 4ADP + 4 Pi P Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid 2 NAD+ P 2 PGAL

  47. Step 2: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid To citric acid cycle “Exhaled”

  48. Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle 4C 6C – Citric acid CITRIC ACID CYCLE 4C 5C

  49. Step 4: Electron Transport Chain Outer mitochondrial membrane Electron transport chain Cytochromes Inter- membrane space Cytochromes Inner mitochondrial membrane

  50. Lactic Acid Fermentation Glycolysis

More Related