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History: Pioneers of Animation

History: Pioneers of Animation. Dr. Midori Kitagawa University of Texas at Dallas Arts and Technology Program. History: Pioneers of animation. J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) Winsor McCay (1867-1934) John Bray (1874-1978) Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Walt Disney (1901-1966).

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History: Pioneers of Animation

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  1. History:Pioneers of Animation Dr. Midori Kitagawa University of Texas at Dallas Arts and Technology Program

  2. History: Pioneers of animation • J. Stuart Blackton(1875-1941) • Winsor McCay (1867-1934) • John Bray (1874-1978) • Max Fleischer (1883-1972) • Walt Disney (1901-1966)

  3. J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) Father of animation • In 1896 as a reporter/artist for the New York Evening World newspaper, Blackton interviewed Thomas Edison • Became a "rapid-drawing cartoonist" for a series of Edison shorts.

  4. J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) Combined stop motion, puppetry, and live action • Enchanted Drawing, 1900 • Humorous Phases of Fanny Faces, 1906

  5. Winsor McCay (1867-1934) Father of character animation • Already well known for his newspaper cartoons “Little Nemo”, 1905-1914

  6. Winsor McCay (1867-1934) Gave believability and personality to his hand-drawn characters • Gertie the Dinosaur, 1914 • Sinking of Lusitania, 1916

  7. John Randolph Bray (1874-1978) Founder of the animation industry • Reporter for the Detroit Evening News, 1901- • In 1914 Bray’s partner Earl Hurd patented the use of clear cels over background • Hurd and Bray formed the Hurd and Bray Patent Company in 1914

  8. John Randolph Bray (1874-1978) Turned artistic work into an assembly-line production • With additional patents obtained by Bray, the company monopolized the animation process • The patents expired in 1932 • Much of what Bray claimed to have invented have been credited to McCay and others. • Colonel Heeza Liar’s, 1913

  9. Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Inventor of the rotoscope • A cartoonist and photographer for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle • Art director for the magazine Popular Science • Worked at Bray’s studio

  10. Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Rotoscope • Traces the movement of live actors, frame by frame

  11. Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Produced the first animation with a synchronized sound track in 1924 • Fleischer studio produced Betty Boop, Popeye, and Superman cartoon series • Affected by the Hays Code in 1934 • Tantalizing Fly, 1919 1933 1935

  12. Walt Disney (1901-1966) Inventor of the family entertainment • Film producer, director, screen writer, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur • Greatly influenced 20th century American culture

  13. Walt Disney (1901-1966) Father of Mickey Mouse • Steamboat Willie (1928) was not the first Mickey Mouse cartoon produced or released • Not the first sound cartoon either • The first sound cartoon that achieved wide commercial success

  14. History: Pioneers of animation • “Disney’s memory belongs to the public; Max’s to those who remember him by choice.” (Heraldson, 1975)

  15. Midori Kitagawa, Ph.D. midori@utdallas.edu

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