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EFFICIENT AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES

This lecture explores energy-efficient technologies for air conditioning units, aiming to enhance the energy performance of local AC manufacturers' products. Topics include conceptual operation of AC units, energy efficient technologies, and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).

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EFFICIENT AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES

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  1. EFFICIENT AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES Esmail Mokheimer ME Dept., KFUPM

  2. Objectives • The main objective of this lecture is to shed light on the possible energy-efficient technologies that can be recommended to the local AC manufacturers to enhance the energy performance of their products.

  3. Learning Outcomes • At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to: • Understand and describe the conceptual operation of air conditioning units • Identify the energy efficient technologies related to air conditioning • Understand the Minimum Energy Performance standards (MEPS) and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)

  4. Introduction • The electric power consumption has increased tremendously, especially in highly economically growing countries such as Saudi Arabia. • In such countries, air conditioning became necessary for life at home and in public areas due to the large demand for comfort. • Electrical energy consumption due to air conditioning (A/C) in buildings is tremendous, especially in Saudi Arabia.

  5. Introduction • The growth of demand for electrical energy in Saudi Arabia, far exceeds the growth of the power being generated. • This is mainly attributed, according to the SEC annual report (2003), to the increased number of customers and to the rise in climate temperature, which implicitly means the growth of the air conditioning electric power consumption.

  6. Introduction • This growth of demand for electrical energy is expected to continue according to the data collected from the ministry of planning and the latest data from the Saudi Electric Company, SEC which are indicated in the following

  7. Demographic data

  8. Energy DataNumber of Customers in the Residential Sector

  9. Distribution of electric energy consumption by different sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

  10. Energy Consumption in Residential Air Conditioners • With this direct relation between the air conditioning loads and the Electric load on the national network, it is necessary to seek the possible strategies that can reduce the power consumption of air conditioners.

  11. What actions are needed Governmental Regulations and rules need to be developed and applied such as: • Building codes stressing the thermal insulations (SASO). • Variable Tariff for the electric energy cost that increases with the consumption (SEC). • Putting MEPS for AC (SASO)

  12. Basic Definitions • Air conditioners use a system of compressors, coils, fans, pipes and controls to remove heat from the home. • The main four components of AC system are • the compressor, • the evaporator and condenser (Heat transfer) coils, • the expansion valve in addition to • the refrigerant. • A refrigerant is the medium used to transfer heat through this closed loop system. • AC systems work mainly according to the following simple thermodynamic cycle

  13. Basic DefinitionsBasic Vapor Compression Cyclehttp://www.sfsb.hr/test/testhome/vtAnimations/animations/chapter09/refrigeration/index1.html

  14. Basic Definitions • The AC also comprises some accessories to have it properly operates. • Some of these accessories are: • the fans and fans’ motors, • the controllers that control the operation of the system such as the thermostat, etc.

  15. Basic DefinitionsWhat Are MEPS, EER and SEER • MEPS is an abbreviation of Minimum Energy Performance Standard. • MEPS are to be put for different products by a governmental authority such as SASO. • The Energy Performance or efficiency level of an air conditioner is determined by its Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) or "seasonal energy efficiency ratio" (SEER).

  16. Basic DefinitionsWhat Are MEPS, EER and SEER • The SEER rating is technically defined as the cooling output provided by the unit during its normal annual usage period divided by its total energy consumption. • More simply, the SEER rating is similar to the miles-per-gallon rating for automobiles.

  17. Basic DefinitionsWhat is EER and SEER • EER is used for cooling and COP is used for heating. • The units of EER or SEER: • The American standards as well as the present SASO use the BTU/(Wh). So, their EER are in order of 10 (13-19) • The European and the ISO standards use the W/W. So, their EER are in order of ones (about 3-5)

  18. Significance of Operational EfficiencyFor every $100 spent to cool your home using an 8.0 SEER air conditioner, a 14.0 SEER air conditioner should cost you approximately $57 and $ 39 for SEER = 18.Actual savings will depend on the efficiency of your current system compared to the efficiency of a new system and on the Tariff for Electric Power Cost.

  19. Technology and Performance • Energy efficient Technologies of refrigeration systems has gradually been improved with help of control schemes utilizing the more flexible components.

  20. Technology and Performance • New Technologies and innovations are merging recently to the market of air conditioning and refrigeration. • These technologies and innovations cover almost all the basic components of the vapor-compression refrigeration and air conditioning cycles (e.g. the compressor, the heat transfer surfaces, the throttling, the fans, the thermostats and the refrigerant).

  21. Technology and Performance • From the above literature One can conclude that to enhance the Ac performance, there are: • Technologies that involve changes and modifications in the Main 4 components of the AC System. • Technologies that involve changes and modifications in the basic accessories of the AC System. • Technologies that involve adding new accessories to the basic AC unit. • Technologies related to the controllers of the AC operation.

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