Civil Defence Command Centers for New Century (Emergency Operation Center)

1. Civil Defence Command Centers for New Century (Emergency Operation Center) By:Dr Rahul Ralegaonkar

2. BACKGROUND • Frequency of disasters- growing vulnerability, and changing climate patterns. • Breaking the cycle of destruction and reconstruction- Address the root causes of vulnerability. • Causes of vulnerability- Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization, mismanagement of natural resources, inefficient public policies, and lagging & misguided investments in infrastructure.

3. Disasters: Natural & Man-Made

4. Disaster Assessment: Natural & Man-Made Earthquakes: Mapping geological lineaments land use, Geodynamic measurements of strain accumulation, Locate stricken areas, map damage Flash floods: Land use maps, Local rainfall measurements, Map flood damage, Major floods, Flood plain maps; Land use maps, Regional rainfall; Evapotranspiration, Map extent of floods Cyclones: Synoptic weather forecasts, Map extent of damage, Tornadoes Drought: Long ranged climate models, Monitoring vegetative biomass Volcanic eruptions: Topographic and land use maps, Detection/ measurement of gaseous emissions, Mapping lava flows, ash falls and lahars, map damage Landslides: Topographic and land use maps, Rainfall, slope stability, Mapping slide area Storm surge: Land use and land cover maps, Sea state; ocean surface wind velocities, Map extent of damage Nowcasts: local weather Local weather observations, Map amount, extent of damage

5. Need for Planning • Disaster Planning- Predicting the risk of an event and possible impacts of the event to human life, property, and the environment. • Disaster Modeling- allows disaster managers to view the scope of a disaster, where the damage may be the greatest, what lives and property are at highest risk, and what response resources are required where. (i)Hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis (ii) Mitigation and preparedness (iii) Pre-disaster phase (iv) Response (v) Loss and damage assessment (vi) Rehabilitation and reconstruction

6. Disaster Management Stages Mitigation and Prevention:Actions you take to identify preventable and unavoidable disasters and to address what can be done to eliminate or reduce the likelihood of a disaster and/or its accompanying risks Preparedness: Consideration of worst-case scenarios and development of comprehensive plan for coordinated and effective response to any given disaster Response: Execution of the preparedness plan and management of the disaster Recovery: Efficient and timely restoration of mission-critical operations and processes

7. Disaster Management-Goals • Response requirements, protection needs can be determined for areas at highest risk. • Emergency disaster management requires response, incident mapping, establishing priorities, developing action plans, and implementing the plan to protect lives, property, and the environment. • Disaster managers should have quickly access and visual display of critical information by location. This information facilitates the development of action plans that are printed or transmitted to disaster response personnel for the coordination and implementation of emergency efforts. • Records ManagementRecord keeping is the most critical task for disaster management. Claims, status of repairs, required repair work, personnel, and so forth, can be difficult to maintain and account for.

8. An example- Earthquake Damage Prediction • Locate the epicenter and Intensity of earthquake. • Damaged area distance from the epicenter- demarcate a severely damaged area ,moderate damaged, and least affected area with the help of images. • Based on above information we need to provide a base relief operation. Area which needs most quicker relief, Man-power, Shortest route to provide medical facility, Food, shelter, and other basic needs. • Transportation: roads / highways / public transportation / airport /seaport • Parcels: building footprint and typology

9. Infrastructure: utilities / water and wastewater / power supply andelectricity • Landscape features: water bodies / openspaces / slope andterrain / soil types. • Major population centers:hospitals / stadiums / schools anduniversities / movies theaters / shopping centers. • Population growth will be factored to establish a set of scenarios outlining the future regional structure, indicating some preliminary preferences. • Some form of government intervention is required here to guide the planning team on the desired growth pattern to be implemented.

10. Emergency (E) Management- better prepared, respond faster and recover more quickly. • E Team provides a common operational view of an incident such that all parties involved in the response are in full coordination. E Team assists with: • Tracking & managing incidents & events • Gathering & sharing critical information • Assessing impact on critical infrastructure • Determining response capabilities across organizations • Notifying & alerting key parties involved in the response • Executing procedures & protocols • Coordinating a multi-agency response • Requesting, deploying & tracking resources

11. Departments and Roles THIS INFORMATION COMES FROM MANY DIFFERENT SOURCES AND AT PRESENT IT IS DIFFICULT TO BRING IT ALL TOGETHER- Develop a culture of self-reliance.

12. Organizational Roles 1. Organize the Planning Process 2. Disaster Defined 3. Data Collection & Documentation addressed 4. Recovery Strategies assessed / reviewed 5. Customize & Finalize the Plan 6. Test & Maintain the Plan 7. Performing a Risk Assessment 8. Format of the Disaster Recovery Plan 9. Identify Incident Response Team and Chain of Command 10. Provide Resources 11. Develop a Staged Shutdown 12. Coordinating With Partners 13. Conduct periodic audits of the plan

13. EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER (EOC)

14. An EOC is the physical location where organizations comes together during an emergency to coordinate response and recovery actions and resources. Serves a number of purposes including operations, training, meetings and other uses. EOC- Flexible, interoperable, secure software system that will make life much easier regardless of size and complexity of disaster.  - Information sharing (Multiagency Coordination Systems) and decision making Advantages: 1. Good information management tool (Contingency managers can create and organize their plans) 2. Incident Command System (ICS) (Conduct of emergency operations by providing a management structure and system) 3.Proper coordination of information management (optimize communication), decisions and resources facilitation.

16. EOC-Resource Management • Establishing systems for describing, inventorying, requesting and tracking resources • Activating the systems prior to, during and after an incident • Dispatching resources prior, during and after an incident • Deactivating or recalling resources during or after an incident Data forms: Forms, Reports, Charts, Checklist, Massage, Weather Service, Common alerting protocol, Pocket PC compatible, Map Support, Web based, Client Server Technology, Simulation, Security, Data Linking. • Development of standards, including: • Training • Equipment Certifications • Experience • Credentialing • Currency requirements • Physical and medical fitness

17. Unified Command (Representatives From Local Jurisdictions) Coordination EOC Manager Other Multiagency Coordination Entities Multiagency Coordination Entity Finance/ Administration Logistics Resource Management Information Management Planning Operations Communications Coordination • Resources • Priorities • Strategic coordination • Situation status • Resource needs Incident Command/ Unified Command 1 Incident Command/ Unified Command 2 EOC Organization

20. State JIC Joint Information Center Local JIC 2 Local JIC 1 Press Secretary (jurisdictional) Liaison (as required) Agency 1 PIO Agency 2 PIO Research Team Media Team Logistics Team IC/UC/Area Command PIO (at incident JIC) EOC- Joint Information Centre (JIC) Must follow established JIC protocols

21. Paper-Based Emergency Information Management • System: If electronic emergency information systems are not available, paper logs will be used to record events, communications & messages, damage assessments, situation reports, resources utilized, man-hours expended, etc. • Record Storage: Hard copy data will be stored in a secure location

28. EOC Design Components A state-of-the-art EOC may have computer generated displays projected on several contiguous large screens located along a wall. These projections can integrate status boards, maps, charts, briefing slides, CCTV, Video teleconferencing, TV (weather channel/CNN), live plume models, plans, procedures, checklists, etc. • Hardware • Software • Communications • Facilities • People • Other resources

29. E-management resources - The internet/intranet- voice and video teleconferencing (recorded)- phones with lights instead of ringers and, headsets for hands free operation- automated displays featuring status boards and maps with motion- raised access flooring for easy installation of telecommunications- acoustic walls and ceilings, and static-free carpeted floors- task lighting at each position- large screen room displays in virtual windows- systems furniture including ergonomic chairs- digital clock systems (accurate to a millisecond)- cameras and video recording- automated checklists and forms and computerized reference documents- human factored lighting and colors- mission driven seating configurations- Decision-makers that are facing away from traffic flow within the room

30. Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP Center): • A PSAP is a 24X7 operation that typically has two critical activities or areas we can refer to as the "dispatcher area" (where the Call Takers and/or Dispatchers are located) and the "equipment room" (where the critical systems are housed). • The PSAP serves as the focal point for high density communications utilizing phones, radios, speakers, position-to-position voice communications and occasional foot traffic from shift changes, visitors, etc.

31. Virtual EOC • Two-way audio-vidual communications…a structured mechanism for receiving and sending information. • Automated response and recovery checklists... • Alert notifications…

32. EOC Decision Making Strong management will be needed during EOC operations. EOCs should be activated as soon as possible to ensure that rapid decision making can occur. During the incident response phase, the real-time tracking of incidents and response resources is critical. Resources may be in short supply while multiple requests for services pile up. An operations log capability in needed to fulfill the requirement of documenting, tracking, and managing the response to an infinite number of concurrent incidents.

33. Typical Status Board Displays: Chronological, "Timeline" or "Significant Events" This display records all reports entered into the system that meet the criteria for entry. Reports are posted in the order received and are referenced by the Time of Receipt (TOR). Typically, the Time of Occurrence (TOC) is recorded in the narrative. If you had only one status board this is the one you would need. These displays can be filtered and sorted as well. Multiple chronological displays can be maintained. Examples are: A log of all reports to the system can be maintained; a log of “Significant Events” can be maintained; a log of reports by category can also be maintained. Categorical Displays help us manage high volume information flow by breaking it down into functional groups.

36. PHOTONICS is being studied today as a possible alternate technology for the future. Investigations are on to harness the capability of the photon to carry information and energy. Fortunately, success has already been achieved in the area of communications. Optical fibers, not copper cables, are already being used to carry huge amounts of information across the great oceans. Even the internet cables around us are now optical and not electronic. However, communication is only one of the three `C' s, that has been taken care of, the other two being computing and control. Photonic switches and optical computers are still in the laboratories and not yet in the marketplace. The major bottleneck in this area is not in solving technological problems or in perfecting theoretical understanding, but in developing suitable materials.

37. Photonics is the science of generating, controlling, and detecting photons, particularly in the visible and near infra-red spectrum, but also extending to the ultraviolet (0.2 - 0.35 µm wavelength), long-wave infrared (8 - 12 µm wavelength), and far-infrared/THz portion of the spectrum (e.g., 2-4 THz corresponding to 75-150 µm wavelength) where today quantum cascade lasers are being actively developed. Photonics is an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters. • Semiconductor photonic devices include optical data recording, fiber optic telecommunications, laser printing (based on xerography), displays, and optical pumping of high-power lasers. • The potential applications of photonics are virtually unlimited and include chemical synthesis, medical diagnostics, on-chip data communication, laser defense, and fusion energy, etc.

38. The Nature of Optical Nonlinearity • Spectroscopic characterization and analysis of materials using the techniques of optical absorption, luminescence, Raman scattering are standard techniques in research. These studies help in structure analysis and in understanding the electronic processes and energy levels in systems. Several interesting photochemical processes and reactions such as photosynthesis have attracted the attentions of Materials Scientists and Biologists. The advent of lasers has revolutionized optical technology including spectroscopic instrumentation. • The high intensity radiation from lasers is also capable of causing new processes to occur in materials. In such cases, most of the materials can have a `nonlinear interaction' with the electric field. The nonlinear interaction results in several novel processes, which have the potential for communication, control and computing applications.

39. VME BoardsFor a mobile system or other environment where space is an issue, a board-level version of multi-input display processors may be more appropriate than a stand alone peripheral. Scan ConvertersVideo scan conversion offering broadcast quality NTSC/PAL, S-Video, CCIR 601, etc.

40. Universal Scalers Improve the quality of projected video by scaling the input signal to match the native resolutions of any projector. Overlayers/KeyersOverlayers are used to combine images, e.g. a HUD on a OTW display for simulators, with all or part of one visible over the other. The product offers a variety of features and capabilities, including single line overlay accuracy, extractions, and independent input and output resolutions up to 1900x1200 pixels.

41. RGB Matrix Switchers Routing Switchers are the perfect solutions for high demand, mission critical applications where maintaining the highest possible signal quality is required. These systems provide modular configurations that allow the combination of signal types (RGB/Audio/Composite/Component/S-Video) in a single chassis. DVI Matrix Switchers DVI Routing Switchers are the perfect solutions for mission critical applications where maintaining the highest possible signal quality is required.

42. The portable outdoor Pan Tilt Zoom Monitoring and Recording system The system comes with four compact 12VDC OPTZ cameras, facilitating rapid deployment on the 9 foot tripods. The VIPER4-R has a fully integrated rugged control case with a 15” LCD Monitor and built-in 160GB digital video recorder. powervideo- The cables are supplied on reels to allow quick deployment and easy storage. Encrypted Secure Wireless Video Transmission with a range of up to 1 mile. 12VDC or AC powered. The system is powered from a single power input ( AC or DC ) which is distributed through the control case and to the cameras or optional wireless receivers. The system flexibility can be optionally expanded for remote wireless use with the 12VDC 5.8Ghz The VIPER4-R Shown Hardwired (Optional Wireless )

46. Networking • Networking is a complex part of computing that makes up most of the IT Industry. Without networks, almost all communication in the world would cease to happen. It is because of networking that telephones, televisions, the internet, etc. work. • One way to categorize computer networks are by their geographic scope, although many real-world networks interconnect Local Area Networks (LAN) via Wide Area Networks (WAN).

47. Router: A router is a device that determines the proper path for data to travel between different networks, and forwards data packets to the next device along this path. They connect networks together; a LAN to a WAN for example, to access the Internet. Some units, like the Cisco 1800 (pictured), are available in both wired and wireless models. Modem: Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is storeddigitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between these two forms. Fortunately, there is one standardinterface for connecting external modems to computers called RS-232. Consequently, any external modem can be attached to any computer that has an RS-232 port, which almost all personal computers have. There are also modems that come as an expansion board that you can insert into a vacant expansion slot. These are sometimes called onboard or internal modems.

48. Switches: • A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments. A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network This switch has 48 ports Low-end network switches appear nearly identical to network hubs, but a switch contains more "intelligence" (and a slightly higher price tag) than a network hub. Network switches are capable of inspecting data packets as they are received, determining the source and destination device of that packet, and forwarding it appropriately. By delivering each message only to the connected device it was intended for, a network switch conserves network bandwidth and offers generally better performance than a hub. As with hubs, Ethernet implementations of network switches are the most common. Mainstream Ethernet network switches support either 10/100 Mbit/s or 10/100/1000 Mbit/s ports Ethernet standards. Large switches may have 10 Gbit/s ports. The network switch, packet switch (or just switch) plays an integral part in most Ethernetlocal area networks or LANs.

49. Networking: • Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. • Communicating computer systems constitute a computer network and these networks generally involve at least two devices capable of being networked with at least one usually being a computer. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances • A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other. Examples of networks are the Internet, or a small home local area network (LAN) with two computers connected with standard networking cables connecting to a network interface card in each computer. All modern aspects of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) are computer-controlled, and telephony increasingly runs over the Internet Protocol, although not necessarily the public Internet. Local Area Network (LAN) • A Local Area Network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small amount of people. Depending on the amount of people that use a Local Area Network, a peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used. A peer-to-peer network is where each client shares their resources with other workstations in the network.

50. A Local Area Network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small amount of people. Depending on the amount of people that use a Local Area Network, a peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used. A peer-to-peer network is where each client shares their resources with other workstations in the network.