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Cachet Technologies

In February 1998, Cachet Technologies outlined its focus on developing distributed caching applications and infrastructure for networks like the Internet. Their first application aimed at solving the Resource Location Problem through large distributed caches positioned at the network's edge, significantly enhancing user performance and reducing costs. Cachet Technologies introduced a novel hashing protocol, consistent hashing, to effectively manage resource discovery and location. Their technology offers scalability, fault tolerance, and improved load balancing, catering to the evolving needs of distributed networks.

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Cachet Technologies

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  1. Cachet Technologies Technology Overview February 1998 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  2. Outline • Our Technology Focus • First Application: Caching at the Edge of the Internet • Comparison with Competing Products • Some Details of the Technology • A new hashing protocol • Other Potential Applications • Current Plans ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  3. Technology Focus • General: • Development of applications and infrastructure for distributed networks such as the Internet. • Current Emphasis: • A solution to the Resource Location Problem in distributed networks. ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  4. Resource Location Problem • Where to put “it” and how to find “it” in a rapidly changing environment where there is no centralized control and information is imperfect. ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  5. First Application • Construction of large distributed caches at the edges of the Internet • Keeps commonly accessed items close to users • Results in improved performance (e.g. latency) for users and decreased cost (e.g. bandwidth utilization) for service providers • Can be sold to service providers and/or user groups (e.g. companies) with 10-10M members ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  6. Example CNN MIT Users ISP Internet IBM ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  7. Example CNN MIT Users ISP Internet IBM Cache ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  8. Different Approaches • Proxy Caches (Microsoft, Cacheflow) • Monolithic Caches (Cisco, Inktomi) • Large caches made up of clusters of machines under centralized control and placed at a specific point in the network • Distributed Caches (NetCache) • Large cache made up of loosely coupled machines that are spread throughout the network ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  9. Monolithic vs. Distributed • Need faster response time for users • Caches should be close to the users at the edges of the network (Distributed) • Need reduced traffic out of network • Cache should have large capacity (Monolithic?) • Cachet’s Vision: Distributed caches that cooperate to form a cache with large aggregate capacity. ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  10. Necessary Components • Resource Location • Where do I put it and how do I find it? • Resource Discovery • Who else is out there that will cooperate with me? • Preventing Hot Spots • How do I cooperate without being overloaded by requests? ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  11. Our Key Technologies • Invention of Consistent Hashing to solve resource location problem • Discovery of protocols that enable caches to learn about the network • Development of a novel replication strategy to prevent hot spots • i.e. when to make more copies? ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  12. Our Advantages • No special purpose hardware • No centralized control • Very loosely coupled network of caches • Perfect information on status of caches is not needed • Fully scaleable and fault tolerant • Automatic load balancing • Prevents swamping and hot spots ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  13. Some of the Difficulties 1 Standard Way: Hashing h(x) = ax+b mod n Where do I put file X? 2 5 X 3 4 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  14. Standard Hashing: The Good • Balanced load • Fast to compute • Local control ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  15. Standard Hashing: The Bad • Perfect information is needed ax+b mod 4 = 2 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  16. ax+b mod 4 = 2 Standard Hashing: The Bad • Perfect information is needed ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  17. ax+b mod 4 = 2 Standard Hashing: The Bad • Perfect information is needed ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  18. Standard Hashing: The Bad • Perfect information is needed ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  19. Standard Hashing: The Ugly • Small changes in the system cause drastic changes in the cache Caches C B A Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  20. Standard Hashing: The Ugly • Small changes in the system cause drastic changes in the cache Caches D C B A Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  21. Standard Hashing: Summary Useless for large and/or evolving distributed networks ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  22. Consistent Hashing • Consistency under changing ranges Caches C B A Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  23. Consistent Hashing • Consistency under changing ranges Caches D C B A Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  24. Consistent Hashing: Features • Continuous balanced load • Fast to compute • Local control • Scales without any catastrophic updating • Users need only partially correct view of the network. Enables “lazy” resource discovery. • Enables resource location to take into account load balancing and geographic information. ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  25. Related Applications • Eliminating hot spots on the web (same technology on larger scale) • Distributed file servers • Swamping protection as a service • Distributed e-mail servers • On-line movies ÓCachet Technologies 1998

  26. Current Plans • Implement Demo 1.0 at LCS • Software package installed by user • Program integrates automatically into loosly-coupled distributed cache • Distributed cache performs as if a large virtual cache existed between LCS and the Internet • Development of market strategy and business plan • Secure VC funding and identify CEO for company ÓCachet Technologies 1998

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