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The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

The Rise and Fall of Napoleon. History Repeats Itself. Napoleon. The Early Years. The Directory. Robespierre is finished July 28 th 1794 executed Directory is established 5 directors to ensure laws carried out. New Constitution Ends universal male suffrage

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The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

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  1. The Rise and Fall of Napoleon History Repeats Itself

  2. Napoleon The Early Years

  3. The Directory • Robespierre is finished • July 28th 1794 executed • Directory is established • 5 directors to ensure laws carried out. • New Constitution • Ends universal male suffrage • Controlled by Wealthy middle class

  4. Directory’s TroublesPick 2 Food Shortage Foreign Wars Costing A lot Of $ CRISIS France’s Army Weak From Fighting

  5. Napoleon Gains Attention • October 1795 • Napoleon ordered to guard members of the National Convention • Successfully defended and became a national hero • 1796 • Napoleon appointed to lead the French vs. Austria and Sardinia • Sweeps into Italy and conquers • Covers up his defeat in Egypt by the British.

  6. The Coup d’Etat • November 1799 • People had lost faith in the Directory • Napoleon urged to take control • Directory is dissolved and Napoleon appointed consul (1 of 3) • Quickly takes control and becomes dictator • 1799-Austria, Britain, and Russia • Join forces to defeat Napoleon • Through war and diplomacy he signs treaties with all three • By 1802 there is peace in Europe

  7. Domestic Success • People need a strong leader • Napoleon keeps some Revolution changes • Sets up efficient tax collection and national bank • Dismisses corrupt officials • Goes against the Revolution • Gov’t recognizes Church influence but keeps them from national affairs • The Napoleonic Code • Uniform set of laws that limited individual rights • Freedom of speech and press are restricted • Restores slavery in the French Caribbean

  8. Emperor Napoleon • December 2, 1804 • Napoleon becomes emperor of France • Has support of the people • Napoleon crowns himself • Shows his authority over the Church

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  10. Napoleon’s Empire & Fall

  11. Napoleon’s Empire • Saint Domingue (Haiti) • People (including slaves) wanted Revolutionary reforms • Civil War erupts • Disease wreaks havoc on French troops and expedition fails • Giving up the West • Sells the Louisiana Purchase to U.S. • Gains money for European Wars • Punishes the British “The sale assures forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.”

  12. Conquering Europe • Europe is fearful • Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden join forces against Napoleon. • Napoleon used unpredictable tactics lead to victories • Austria, Prussia, and Russia sign treaties and give land • France has largest European empire since the Romans • Battle of Trafalgar • British navy defeats French navy • Napoleon’s only major loss in Europe • Assured British naval superiority • Napoleon gave up on defeating Britain

  13. The Fall of the Empire • The Continental System • Blockades Britain from all other European countries but fails • Britain responds with its own blockade which is more successful • The Peninsular War • Attempt to force blockade on Spain • Guerilla fighters and British troops kill 30,000 French troops • Nationalism erupts across Europe • The Invasion of Russia • Russia felt Napoleon had plans on taking Poland • June 1812, 420,000 French troops enter Russia • Czar Alexander pulls his troops back and uses the scorched-earth policy • Napoleon keeps marching until he hits Moscow (is burnt down) • Turns back in October and forced to march home through Russian winter • Only 10,000 survived exhaustion, starvation, and wounds

  14. Napoleon’s Last Stand • Spotting a weakness • Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Austria fight back • Napoleon’s new army untrained and unprepared • January-March 1814 • Prussia and Russia conquer Paris • Napoleon surrenders and is exiled to Elba • The Hundred Days • Louis XVIII takes the French throne but is unpopular • Napoleon escapes Elba- welcomed back as emperor • Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) • Britain and Prussia attack and win • Napoleon’s Exiled to St. Helena where he dies in 1821

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