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Organic Chemistry Polymers

Organic Chemistry Polymers. Hydrocarbons. Carbon Hydrogen molecules. Methane CH4. hydrocarbons. Aromatic compounds. Aliphatic compounds. Single bonds. Double. Triple. Benzene element. Rings (NOT Benzene). Groups. Methy -CH3 Ethyl –CH2-CH3 Amino –NH3 Flouro –F

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Organic Chemistry Polymers

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  1. Organic ChemistryPolymers

  2. Hydrocarbons • Carbon Hydrogen molecules Methane CH4 GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  3. hydrocarbons Aromatic compounds Aliphatic compounds Single bonds Double Triple Benzene element Rings (NOT Benzene) GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  4. Groups Methy -CH3 Ethyl –CH2-CH3 Amino –NH3 Flouro –F Nitro -NO3 GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  5. Groups GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  6. Polymer large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent chemical bonds. Monomer is a small molecule chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  7. A linear polymer  one molecule after another, forming a long chain, the backbone. POLYPROPYLENE GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  8. Amino acidspolymerize to form proteins. • Nucleotides polymerize to form nucleic acids • Glucose polymerize to form starches, amylopectins and glycogen polymers. • Isoprene polymerizes to form natural rubber GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  9. COMMON POLYMERS Epoxy ResinsNylonPolycarbonatePolyethylenePolyesterPMMAPolyurethanePolystyrenePVCSBS RubberSilicone Cellulose • Rayon Starch Rubber Proteins • Keratin • Collagen • Gelatin GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  10. carbohydrate Monosaccharides [SUGAR] are the building blocks polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. (also,of disaccharides such as sucrose) Complex carbohydrates are chains of sugar molecules and are found in plant foods everywhere. A carbohydrate is an organic compound with general formula Cm(H2O)n, that is, consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Starch is a polymer or long string of glucose molecules, just as a protein is a long string of amino acids. Sugar: informal term for class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  11. Cellulosechain of glucose Paper, cotton, wood, leaves, stems GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  12. STARCH • Starch or amylum is a polysaccharidecarbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds Straight & Branched GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  13. starch and cellulose connected glucose molecules • You can eat starch, but you can't digest cellulose. • Your body contains enzymes that will break starch down into glucose to fuel your body. • Termites have bacteria that can break down cellulose Cellulose β-glucose, with the -OH pointed out Starch α-glucose, with the -OH pointed down GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  14. FAT (LIPID) • Not generally considered a polymer • All fats consist of fatty acids (chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with a carboxylic acid group at one end) bonded to a backbone structure, often glycerol (a "backbone" of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen). Triglycerides make up most of fats digested by humans GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  15. DNA DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  16. Functional groups Amine NH2 Carboxylic acid HCO2 [same C] R varies and determines which amino acid GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  17. Amino Acids building blocks of proteins, which are Proteins linear chains of amino acids defined by this primary structure (its unique sequence of amino acid) three-dimensional structure of the protein often the critical component in its function. 21 amino acids  huge variety of proteins GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  18. Proteins are assembled from amino acids using information encoded in genes. Each protein has its own unique amino acid sequence that is specified by the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein. The genetic code is a set of three-nucleotide sets called codons and each three-nucleotide combination designates an amino acid, for example AUG (adenine-uracil-guanine) is the code for methionine. GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  19. Plastic [http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/pvc.htm] • Polyethylene is the most popular plastic •  grocery bags, shampoo bottles, toys PVC Polystyrene Monomer Polypropylene GSCI 163 Spring 2010

  20. In this case the polymerization reaction is known as a dehydration or condensation reaction (due to the formation of water (H2O) as one of the products) where a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl (-OH) group are lost to form H2O and an oxygen molecule bonds between each monomer unit. • Isoprene is a natural monomer and polymerizes to form natural rubber, most often cis-1,4-polyisoprene, but also trans-1,4-polyisoprene GSCI 163 Spring 2010

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