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Randall Martin

Space-based Constraints on Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides. Randall Martin. With contributions from: Chris Sioris, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Lyatt Jaeglé (Univerisity of Washington) Yongtao Hu, Armistead Russell (Georgia Tech) Tom Ryerson (NOAA).

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Randall Martin

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  1. Space-based Constraints on Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides Randall Martin With contributions from: Chris Sioris, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Lyatt Jaeglé (Univerisity of Washington) Yongtao Hu, Armistead Russell (Georgia Tech) Tom Ryerson (NOAA)

  2. Global Surface NOx Emissions Uncertain to Factor of 2Implications for Tropospheric Ozone, Aerosols, and Indirect Effect • Here in Tg N yr-1 (based on) • Fossil Fuel 24 (GEIA) • Biomass Burning 6 (Duncan et al., 2003) • Soils 5 • (Yienger and Levy, 1995) • NOx Emissions (Tg N yr-1) • Fossil Fuel (20-33) • Biomass Burning (3-13) Soils (4-21) Relative Uncertainty

  3. Top-Down Information from the GOME and SCIAMACHY Satellite Instruments • Nadir-viewing solar backscatter instruments including ultraviolet and visible wavelengths • Low-elevation polar sun-synchronous orbit, late morning observation time • GOME 1995-2002 • Spatial resolution 320x40 km2 • Global coverage in 3 days • SCIAMACHY 2002-present • Spatial resolution 60x30 km2 • Global coverage in 6 days

  4. Cloud-filtered Tropospheric NO2 Columns Determined from SCIAMACHY Retrieval: Spectral fit Remove stratosphere Account for scattering May-Oct 2004 detection limit Retrieval based on Martin et al., 2002, 2003

  5. Use a CTM to Conduct a Chemical Inversion to Map NOx Emissions from Retrieved NO2 Columns GOME SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2 column ~ ENOx BOUNDARY LAYER NO2 NO/NO2  W ALTITUDE NO lifetime ~hours HNO3 Emission NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx)

  6. Global Top-Down Emission Inventory RevealsMajor Discrepancy in NOx Emissions from Megacities 48 Tg N yr-1 May-Oct 2004 48 - 38 Tg N yr-1 GEIA

  7. ICARTT: COORDINATED ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY CAMPAIGN OVER EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND NORTH ATLANTIC IN SUMMER 2004 ERS ERS-2 Envisat Terra Aqua SCIAMACHY GOME AIRS, MODIS MISR, MODIS, MOPITT NOAA-P3 Canada Convair DLR Falcon NASA DC-8 UK BAE-143 NASA Proteus International, multi-agency collaboration targeted at regional air quality, pollution outflow, transatlantic transport, aerosol radiative forcing

  8. North American NOx Emissions (May – October)Largest Change in Northeastern US Coast SCIAMACHY - NAPAP Bottom-up (NAPAP) Top-Down (SCIAMACHY) 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 r2= 0.85 7.6 Tg N 0.8 Tg N 8.4 Tg N

  9. Evaluate Top-Down and Bottom-Up NOx InventoriesConduct GEOS-CHEM Simulation For Each InventorySampled GEOS-CHEM Along Flight Tracks Simulation with SCIAMACHY – Original NOx Emission Inventory HNO3 (ppbv) NOx (ppbv)

  10. In Situ Airborne Measurements Support Top-Down Inventory New England New England + Gulf Remote GEOS-CHEM (Top-Down) In Situ GEOS-CHEM (Bottom-up) P-3 Measurements from Tom Ryerson (NOAA)

  11. Fuel Combustion 1. Spatial location of FF-dominated regions in a priori (>90%) 1 2 Biomass Burning 2. Spatiotemporal distribution of fires used to separate BB/soil VIRS/ATSR fire counts Soils No fires + background Algorithm for partitioning top-down NOx inventory (2000) GOME NOx emissions Algorithm tested using synthetic retrieval Jaeglé et al., 2005

  12. Largest soil emissions: seasonally dry tropical + fertilized cropland ecosystems Soil emissions A posteriori 70% larger than a priori! A priori A posteriori r2= 0.62 (±90%) (±200%) North Eq. Africa East Asia Soils Soils Onset of rainy season: Pulsing of soil NOx! Jaeglé et al., 2005

  13. EMIS: Emissions Mapping Integration ScienceOptimize North American NOx Emissions SCIAMACHY NO2 Columns NOx Emissions (SMOKE/G.Tech) Aug 2004 May-Oct 2004 1011 molec N cm-2 s-1 1015 molecules cm-2 Error weighting A posteriori emissions Top-Down Emissions

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