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English philology

English philology. England. What do we know? Write down ANYTHING you think you might know about this country. bubbl.us. What is England?. https://www.google.com/maps/place/England,+UK/@48.9393077,-7.3823063,3z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47d0a98a6c1ed5df:0xf4e19525332d8ea8

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English philology

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  1. English philology

  2. England • What do we know? Write down ANYTHING you think you might know about this country. • bubbl.us

  3. What is England? • https://www.google.com/maps/place/England,+UK/@48.9393077,-7.3823063,3z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47d0a98a6c1ed5df:0xf4e19525332d8ea8 • England < Great Britain < The United Kingdom (UK)

  4. Philology philology: the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages.

  5. “A Borrowed Language” • What might this mean?

  6. Cuchulain (Cuh-Hullen) The oldest known British Isles folk hero. (Very Irish)

  7. The Original Celtic • Cathac of St. Columbia • Early story • Written centuries later

  8. The Original Celtic – Pangur Ban • A monk’s poem about a cat • This is not English • It might serve as the basis for what English became.

  9. An example of modern Gaelic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6JbUDBfY1E

  10. The Original Celtic • Before AD 43 – Old Celtic/Britton • Romans drove them out • Romans spoke Latin • Latin influence in the area (Romano-British)

  11. Welcome! • What were the two languages we discussed yesterday? • Which was there first and which was brought and who brought it to England?

  12. The Timeline (so far) • ????? – 43AD – Celtic/British • 43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British

  13. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion

  14. Anglo-Saxons • Following Roman retreat in 5th century AD (Anno Domini, “In the year of our Lord,” or CE (common era) • Germanic Kingdoms

  15. Slaughter of Locals? Probably not. Small groups settled unused land. Acculturation or slow integration.

  16. Anglo-Saxon culture kinda took over. • Brittons still there • Remnants of Celtic and Latin still around

  17. “Germanic” Tribes • Guess what older version of the modern language they spoke. • No surprise, German. • No record of what they actually sounded like.

  18. Why combine languages? • Anglo-Saxons had MONEY! • Kings/wealthy travelled, set up in England • Anglo-Saxon became the language of the elite • Locals learned it to seem “cool” • Families created common ancestors with A-S

  19. How it all adds up: Old Gaelic Romano/Britton + Anglo-Saxon Old English

  20. Guess the name of this font! Yep: Old English

  21. Caedmon’s Hymn • Now (we) should praise   of the kingdom of heaven  the Warden, • Of the Creator the might,  and his mind-thought (purpose), • the work of the Gloryfather,  just as he of wonders, • eternal Lord, created the beginning (of each). • He first created  for the children of earth • heaven as a roof,  holy Shaper; • then Middle Earth  mankind's Warden, • eternal Lord,   after created • for men the earth,  Ruler almighty.

  22. The Gloryfather? • The Christian Lord? • Celtic Gods? • Roman Gods? • Norse Gods?

  23. Christian Missionaries • Traveled all over Europe converting people for centuries • Favorite book? • Copy, Paste, Repeat • Monks = only writers • Local stories eventually got written down

  24. Beowulf • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13cES7MMd8

  25. From the GET GO • Language of praise and wonder

  26. Welcome! • The story so far… • ????? – 43AD – Celtic/British • 43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British • ~400AD – 1066 – Anglo-Saxon • 1066…

  27. THE NORMAN INVASION!!!!

  28. How it all started…

  29. Vikings going cray-cray on Europe

  30. France invites a Viking clan to settle the northern beaches to protect the mainland.“Nortmanni” or “Northmen” bacame “Normandy”>> ~100 years

  31. William the Conqueror – Unites Normandy and sails to England for battle!

  32. The Norman Invasion Anglo-Saxons: slow, peaceful acculturation Normans: Killing and replacing

  33. In the year of our Lord (Anno Domini, AD) or the Common Era (CE) 1066

  34. The Norman Invasion

  35. Their language • Norman-French • Mixture of Viking Norweigen/Swedish and local French • http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_middle.html

  36. Again, they were high-status • William the Conqueror took all the land and gave it his rich buddies. • Therefore, landowners, business owners, and the nobility all spoke Norman-French. • If you were still speaking the Old English? • Had to learn new language of business.

  37. Old English and Norman-French • pig/ pork,  • chicken/ poultry,  • calf/ veal,  • cow/ beef,  • wood/ forest,  • sheep/ mutton, • house/ mansion,  • worthy/ valuable,  • bold/ courageous,  • freedom/ liberty.[6]

  38. Norman Influence on High-Society • Nobility: crown, castle, prince, count, duke, baron, noble, sovereign, heraldry • Government: parliament, government, governor, city • Law: court, judge, justice, accuse, arrest, sentence, appeal, condemn, plaintiff, bailiff, jury, felony, verdict, traitor, contract, damage, prison • War: army, armour, archer, battle, soldier, guard, courage, peace, enemy, destroy • Wealth: mansion, money, gown, boot, beauty, mirror, jewel, appetite, banquet, herb, spice, sauce, roast • Art: art, colour, language, literature, poet, chapter

  39. Their Language in England • English < Norman French = Modern French • fashion < faichon = façoncabbage < caboche = chou (cf. caboche) candle < ca(u)ndelle = chandelle, bougiecastle < castel (now catè) = château, casteletcauldron < caudron = chaudroncauseway < caucie (now cauchie) = chausséecatch < cachier (now cachi) = chassercater < acater = achetercattle < *capte(l) = cheptelcherry (ies) < cherise (chrise, chise ) = cerise fork < fouorque = fourchegarden < gardin = jardinmug < mogue/moque = mug, bocplank < pllanque = planchepocket < pouquette = pochepoor < paur = pauvrewait < waitier (old Norman) = gaitier (mod. guetter ) war < werre (old Norman) = guerre wicket < viquet = guichet (cf. piquet) 

  40. How it all adds up: Old Gaelic Romano/Britton Anglo-Saxon + Norman-French Middle English

  41. Some Old Translations…

  42. Some Old Translations…

  43. Middle English • Most notable example: Geoffery Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE0MtENfOMU

  44. The History of English in Ten Minutes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfKhlJIAhew

  45. Break Time!! • When we return, please title a new heading “Shakespeare’s Influence on the English Language”

  46. One man! • More influence than anyone else • Greatest writer in English • Greatest playwright in the world • Influence countless other artists and authors

  47. Before Bill Shaxbear • Think about the language • Different everywhere • No fixed set of rules • Chaotic!

  48. The Enlightenment • Out of the brutal, violent “Dark Ages” • New ideas of philosophy, religion, art, and science… but no proper vocabulary • So if no word exists to represent what you feel, make one up or steal one! • 30,000 new/borrowed words added from 1500-1650

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