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Understanding Taxonomic Hierarchy and Systematics: Levels, Kingdoms, and Relationships

This lesson provides an overview of taxonomic hierarchy, focusing on the levels of classification and the six kingdoms of life: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia. Students will learn key concepts of systematics, including evolutionary systematics, homologies, and analogies. The session also discusses methods of classification such as numerical taxonomies, cladistics, and molecular systematics, including the use of molecular clocks to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms.

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Understanding Taxonomic Hierarchy and Systematics: Levels, Kingdoms, and Relationships

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Today’s Objectives • TSW be able to recite the levels of taxonomic hierarchy. • TSW be able to name the six kingdoms • TSW be able to identify systematics types.

  2. Taxonomic Hierarchy What is a taxon? What are the 7 levels of hierarchy?

  3. A Note on NOMENCLATURE Carolus Linnaeus Binomial nomenclature system

  4. The Six Kingdom System • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Fungi • Protista • Plantae • Animalia

  5. Systematics • Evolutionary systematics • Organisms will resemble each other and their ancestor more than distant organisms • Homologies – result from common ancestry • Analogies – result from common evolutionary pressures

  6. Systematics • Numerical taxonomies • Organisms grouped according to mathematical formulae based on OVERALL similarities • Deal only with closely related taxa

  7. Systematics • Cladistics • Emphasize homologies – synapomorphies • Tries to show evolutionary relationships in a group • Produces cladograms

  8. Sample Cladogram

  9. Systematics • Molecular systematics • Molecular clocks • Compares sequences of amino acids or nitrogenous bases

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