Opening address - Oscar Abbink

1. Welcome to ENGINE Workshop 7 Leiden, The Netherlands Opening address - Oscar Abbink

3. TNO's five core areas TNO's mission is to apply scientific knowledge with the aim of strengthening the innovative power of industry and government. TNO Quality of Life TNO Defence, Security and Safety TNO Science and Technology TNO Built Environment and Geosciences TNO Information and Communication Technology TNO: 4500 staff, 500 mEUR turn-over 300 geoscientists

4. TNO B&O: application areas Sustainable organisation/ management of the built environment Sustainable use/ management of infrastructure 2 1 3 Sustainable exploration and utilisation of the subsurface

5. Oil & Gas Advisory Group forMin. Econ. Aff SustainableGeo-Energy TNO B&O TNO Built Environment & Geosciences 5 other business units Geological Survey of The Netherlands Soil & Groundwater Geo-Energy & Geo-Information (~160 staff)BU manager : Chris te Stroet Oscar Abbink Henk Pagnier Barthold Schroot Martin Peersman Roel Verreussel DINO Geobiology CONFIDENTIAL

6. Geo-Energy and Geo-Information • Oil&Gas • Exploration • Production • Niche technologies • Sustainable Geo-energy • Induced seismicity • CO2 storage • geothermal energy

7. Exploration Undiscovered field • new prospects in mature areas • frontier basins Thematic maps Coupled HMFC models Proxy studies

8. Complex Reservoirs P,T P,T P,T Smart wells P,T P,T Production: Smart fields - smart wells Estimated permeability field Estimated k-field True k-field

9. Niche technologies • Geological Survey of The Netherlands • DINO • Basin modeling • Geomechanics • Fluid flow • Biostratigraphy • Geochemistry • ....

10. Subsidence and induced seismicity Subsidence Slochteren Reservoir

11. Investigation of factors controlling induced seismicity (Rob van Eijs, Friday) Probability of Induced earthquakes

12. Transition to sustainable energy production Efficiency Sustainable CO2 storage Target year

13. Transition to sustainable energy production Efficiency Sustainable CO2 storage Target year

14. CO2 storage issues • Site selection, storage capacity • Geological evaluation and reservoir simulation • Risk analysis of a storage site • Monitoring and verification • CO2 capture • CO2 injection • Enhance Oil recovery (EOR) • Enhanced Gas recovery (EGR) • Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) • storage in aquifers • Alternative solutions for energy supply without emissions • Policy, regulation and economics

15. CO2 issues

16. CO2 storage: concept of storage capacity Match with source Techno-economic/legal limits Geological/engineering limits “Whole pore volume” Until now, various limitations have/have not been used ( in a mixed way) by various countries No consistent use of this approach…..

17. Depleted gas fieldsGESTCO (TNO, 2003) • Total capacity • 3400 MtNon-Groningen (160 vld) • 2140 Mt onshore • 1260 Mt offshore • 7512 MtGroningen • 206 fields < 4 Mt

18. Storage capacity on shore gasfields 3 (ex. Gron.) mrd.m Mt CO gas 2 800 1600 EARLY 600 1200 offer LATE 400 800 cum prod 200 400 0 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Depleted gasfields -Timing After Breunese, 2006 • Groningen (7550 MT) released after 2040

19. Sites under investigation in Europe TNO participates in all but one (CO2SINK) CO2 projects Safety Economics “enhanced recovery”

20. Demonstration example: K12 B(GdF) • Reservoir engineering • Modelling predictions , history matching • Monitoring • Well integrity • Tracers • Baseline

21. Aquifer storage: Sleipner site 1994 1999 2001 Top reservoir 1 km

22. Hazard analysis • Example: De Lier

23. Risk assessment: FEP method for CO2(Christian Bos, today)

24. Closed Geothermal energy Netherlands -Shallow applications • ATES - Aquifer thermal energy storage: • Capacity 0.1 - 10 MW, • A few 100 systems for offices, hospitals etc • GSHP - Ground source heat pumps • Some 1000’s systems, individual houses Total capacaity NL: 100-200 MW (IF technology) Open

25. Olieprijs $ jaar Deep Geothermal Energy in the Netherlands (1) • New interest: • Energy Policy Document late 90’s : aiming towards 10-20 geothermal doublets in 2020 …about 100 MW • Incentives: • High oil and gas price • New Mining Law 2003 opens up accessibility to O&G data

26. Deep Geothermal Energy in the Netherlands(2) • Low enthalpy doublets possible in sandstone aquifers 1500-4000 m • Temperature gradient about 30-32 degrees / km • Currentlu:Direct use, in near future: combined with ORC/Kalina systems for electricity ? • In future • exploration of depths > 4000 m? • Re-use of O&G wells (VAN WEES, today) • EGS along active faults systems?

27. EOS project RUG/TUD/WUR: Future Energy use  Spat. Plan. Waddenkas Berlicum Greenhouse heating Agriport A7 Green house heating Provincie Drenthe: Feasibility Geothermal E. Emmen/Assen Den Haag – Zuid West District heating Tomato Farmer Bleiswijk: Greenhouse heating Provincie Flevoland: Feasibility Geothermal E. NAM/NUON Barendrecht: District heating Deep borehole Heat exch. Current projects

28. Bleiswijk-Green house heating • Doublet @ 1750 m - 60 degC - 4 MWth • 7 ha greenhouse- equals use of 3 Mln m3 gas • Investment 5.5 M EUR • Wells have been drilled: currently optimisation • of production rate

29. District heating Den Haag Zuid-West • Planned doublet @ 2200 m - 75 deg C - 6 MWth • 3800 houses /20000 m2 offices • connected during 2008-2011 • Investment 45 Miljoen EUR (incl. heating grid) • current phase: Final well design

30. HAVE A GOOD WORKSHOP !