China Under the Sui, Tang, & Song Dynasties Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Han Dynasty Collapses • Between 200 and 300 AD the great • Han Dynasty collapses • Huns & other nomadic invaders take over • large sections of Central Asia • No Emperor or single gov’t. able to control • China Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Sui Dynasty • Sui Wendi succeeded in reuniting China • Ruled from 589 – 618 • Northern & southern China linked by Grand Canal • Over extended resources • Were defeated in Manchuria & North Korea • Defeated by Turks from Central Asia in 615 • Were overthrown in 618 Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Tang Dynasty (618-907) Expansion- defeated the Turks, extended China’s boundaries further west than ever before Established capital at Chang-an (roughly 2 million people) Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Tang Dynasty (618-907) • Like the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for China • Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known) • Li Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeat • Du Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedy • Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety) Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Song Dynasty (960-1279) Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Song Dynasty (960-1279) Chapter 12, Sect. 1
Song Dynasty (960-1279) • Achievements • Took careful census (population counts) • Civil service continued & improved • Block printing (w/movable type) developed to make copies of Confucian & Buddhist texts (DiamondSutra) • Porcelain, mechanical clocks, paper money & gunpowder developed for warfare • Magnetic Compass • Foreign Trade expanded • Agricultural technology improved (better irrigation, hybrid rice, introduction of Tea) • Development of huge cities as cultural & trade centers Chapter 12, Sect. 1
The Mongols Chapter 12, Sect. 2
The Mongols • Inhabited area north of China, now called Mongolia • Superb horseman • Use of special saddle & iron stirrups allowed accurate archery • Tactics well suited for open plains of Central Asia • As well as siege tactics using siege weapons • Nomadic lifestyle encouraged cultural diffusion Chapter 12, Sect. 2
The Mongols • CONQUESTS: • Genghis Khan captures Chinese city now called Beijing • Central Asia & most of Persia • Grandson Kublai Khan captures rest of China, Tibet, some of Southeast Asia • Grandson Batu conquers Russia, parts of Hungary & Poland • SEE PAGE 284 – Mongol Empire, 1294 Chapter 12, Sect. 2
The Mongols • From mid 1200’s to mid 1300’s period known as the “Mongol Peace” • Capital city for Genghis Khan - Karakoram • Grandson Kublai Khan – Given the title “Great Khan” • Grandson Kublai Khan– begins Yuan Dynasty • In China Mongols became the ruling class, while Chinese were employed to run day-to-day operations • Eventually due to weak rulers after the Great Khan, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown & China was again ruled by Chinese Chapter 12, Sect. 2
Genghis Khan was title meaning – “Universal Ruler” Chapter 12, Sect. 2
Chapter 12, Sect. 2
Feudal Japan Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Social Classes in Ancient Japan The Feudal System in Japan Emperor (Divine Ruler) Shogun (Military Ruler) Daimyo(Large Landowners) Samurai (warriors) Peasants (3/4ths of the population) Artisans Merchants Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Heian Period:(794-1185AD) Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Heian Period:(794-1185AD) • Background • Japan’s “Golden Age” • Daimyo gained more land from the emperor • People practiced Shintoism (mix of nature & ancestor worship) • Emperors claimed to descend from the Yamato Clan and the Sun God Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Heian Period (794-1185AD) • Achievements • Arts & literature flourished • Efficient tax system established • Lady Murasaki wrote “The Tale of Genji” (world’s 1st novel) • Chinese Influence • Close location to China allowed for cultural diffusion • Art, writing, Confucianism, silk, rice, and government borrowed from China Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1275AD) Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1275AD) • Background • Daimyo fight over land • Emperor’s power further weakened as “Supreme Military General” or Shogun takes power • Achievements • Feudal system fully developed • “Bushido” (warrior code) developed Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1275AD) • Mongol Invasion • Kublai Khan sent a Mongol invasion fleet to attack Japan • Emperor called for prayers to stop invasion • Large storm came and sank most of the invasion fleet • Storm called “Kamikaze” or “Divine Wind” Chapter 12, Sect. 3
Korea • Geography • Rugged mountainous peninsula • Located east coast China • Across channel from Japan • Culture • Heavily influenced by China • Also conquered by Mongols • When Mongols expelled, established own Yi Dynasty (1392) • Buddhism became state religion • Developed movable metal type Chapter 12, Sect. 3
